Biomarcadores en Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) como herramientas de gestión de la evaluación del medio ambiente en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03731.27FPalabras clave:
biomarcadores, metales, Nereis diversicolor, enzimas antioxidantes, metalotioneínas, peroxidación lipídica, Suroeste Península IbéricaResumen
El estudio de la calidad ambiental de los ecosistemas costeros del SO de la Península Ibérica (Ría Formosa, estuario del Guadiana y bahía de Cádiz) en relación a la contaminación metálica (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn) se ha llevado a cabo mediante el análisis del contenido de metales en Nereis diversicolor. Además, los efectos ecotoxicológicos fueron evaluados mediante una aproximación “multibiomarcadores”, en donde se combinan varios biomarcadores convencionales. La batería de biomarcadores seleccionadas han sido: las enzimas antioxidantes (catalasa (CAT), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y glutatión peroxidasa (GPX), metalotioneína (MT) y peroxidación lipídica (LPO). Los ejemplares de N. diversicolor recolectados en las distintas zonas, mostraron una respuesta diferente a la contaminación metálica, lo que sugiere diferentes fuentes y/o magnitud de la contaminación. Los niveles de cadmio estan directamente relacionados con las actividades SOD y CAT y los niveles de LPO. En el caso del níquel, sus niveles se hallaban correlacionados positivamente con los de MT en la Ría Formosa y en el río Guadiana. La integración de las respuesta de los biomarcadores en N. diversicolor ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil para la evaluación de la calidad ambiental de los ecosistemas costeros del SO de la Península Ibérica.
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