Efectos de un área de veda a la pesca de arrastre sobre la dieta y el nivel trofico de la merluza, Merluccius merluccius, en el sur del Mar Tirreno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03564.29APalabras clave:
dieta, efecto de la pesca, Merluccius merluccius, isótopos estables, trofodinámica, MediterráneoResumen
Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la pesca de arrastre comercial en la dieta y la trofodinámica de la merluza mediterránea, Merluccius merluccius, mediante la comparación de sus contenidos estomacales y de la composición isotópica (δ15N y δ13C) en dos golfos donde está permitida la pesca de arrastre y en uno donde está prohibida, en el norte de Sicilia (Mediterráneo Occidental). Las comparaciones se hicieron para tres clases de talla que abarca la merluza entre 60 y 410 mm de longitud total. Los peces fueron recolectados en los fondos fangosos de la plataforma continental de 50 a 200 m de profundidad. Los hábitos alimenticios de las merluzas pequeñas y medianas eran similares, pero más selectivo en el golfo donde la pesca está prohibida. Las mayores diferencias se produjeron en la dieta de los especímenes más grandes comparando los golfos arrastrados con el golfo protegido. En el área protegida las merluzas grandes cazaban sobre todo en clupeidos y engráulidos, mientras que otros peces se encuentran en el contenido estomacal de M. merluccius de las áreas de pesca. Los valores de δ15N de la merluza no variaron significativamente entre las áreas protegidas y no protegidas, mientras que hubo un efecto claro de la talla: valores más alto, se han observado en los animales más grandes. Por el contrario los valores de δ13C fueron en general más empobrecidos (más negativos) en los ejemplares recolectados en el área protegida, esto indica una fuente más planctónica de carbono. Los resultados de los mixing models concuerdan bastante bien con los hábitos de alimentación observados para cada clase de talla y en cada área.
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