Phytoplankton response to high salinity and nutrient  limitation in the eastern Adriatic marine lakes

Marina Carić; Nenad Jasprica; Marijeta Čalić; Mirna Batistić

doi:10.3989/scimar.2011.75n3493

Autores/as

Marina Carić Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik
Nenad Jasprica Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik
Marijeta Čalić Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik
Mirna Batistić Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2011.75n3493

Palabras clave:

fitoplancton, hidrografía, nutrientes, eutrofización, lagunas costeras, mar Adriático

Resumen

El fitoplancton y diversos parámetros físico-químicos fueron estudiados por primera vez en dos lagunas hiperhalinas naturales (salinidad > 40) de la costa de Croacia, Mala Solina y Velika Solina. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante 1 año, y pudieron distinguirse dos períodos: uno euhalino - mesotrófico, de diciembre a mayo, y el otro hiperhalino - eutrófico, de junio a noviembre. La limitación por nutrientes resultó ser un factor determinante para las variaciones estacionales en la composición del fitoplancton de las lagunas. El fosfato fue limitante de octubre a diciembre, el silicato de enero a abril, y el nitrógeno de junio a septiembre, una vez consumido el nitrato. Las diatomeas fueron especialmente abundantes entre noviembre y enero, cuando la temperatura y la salinidad eran bajas y la concentración de nitrato y amonio eran altas. El número de diatomeas disminuyó en marzo, tras el agotamiento del silicato. Amphora, Navicula y otras diatomeas naviculares fueron el género más frecuente, y Nitzschia longissima fue la especie más abundante. La dominancia de dinoflagelados comenzó en junio en Mala Solina y en marzo en Velika Solina, y se mantuvo mientras la temperatura, la salinidad, y las concentraciones de fosfato y silicato fueron altas. Oxyrrhis marina fue el dinoflagelado más abundante (3.2 x 10⁶ células L^-1). El nanofitopláncton fue la fracción de tamaño dominante en la comunidad. Las cianobacterias Chroococcales fueron muy abundantes de mayo a octubre, alcanzando concentraciones de 2.9 x 10⁷ células L^-1 en julio. El nanofitoplancton y el microfitoplancton más pequeño, como Oxyrrhis, Scrippsiella, o Tetraselmis, fueron particularmente abundantes en condiciones hiperhalinas y pobres en nitrógeno. Taxones tóxicos y nocivos (por ejemplo Alexandrium, Dinophysis), expandiéndose en las aguas del Mediterráneo, no han sido detectados en los lagos.

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