Descripción del gran ecosistema marino del noreste de Brasil usando un modelo trófico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2008.72n3477Palabras clave:
modelaje, ecosistema, pesquería, Atlántico sudoeste, Brasil, Brasil noresteResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el ecosistema marino del noreste de Brasil. Se construyó un modelo trófico para representar la década de los 70 usando el modelo Ecopath con Ecosim. El impacto de la mayor parte de los 41 grupos funcionales fue pequeño, probablemente debido a lo intricado de la matriz trófica. No obstante, las fanerógamas marinas y las macroalgas tuvieron un fuerte impacto positivo sobre los manatíes y los peces recifales herbívoros, respectivamente. Los peces recifales omnívoros tuvieron un impacto negativo sobre las langostas espinosas, y los tiburones sobre el pez espada. Las langostas espinosas y el pez espada presentaron los mayores cambios de biomasa durante el período de simulación (1978-2000); las biomasas de atunes, otros grandes pelágicos y tiburones sufrieron disminuciones en ese período; se observó un ligero aumento en la biomasa de los odontocetos, de los grandes peces recifales carnívoros y de la lamprea. El reciclaje de materia orgánica por parte del fitoplancton fue importante en este ecosistema con baja productividad primaria. La eficiencia de transferencia media entre los niveles tróficos fue de 11.4%. La eficiencia bruta de la pesca fue muy baja (0.00002), probablemente debido a la baja tasa de explotación de la mayor parte de los recursos pesqueros en la década de los 70. No fue posible obtener las informaciones básicas locales para muchos grupos. Se estima que cuando se generen y estén disponibles más datos específicos locales, el modelo aquí elaborado puede ser mejor usado para el análisis de políticas pesqueras para esta área con una aproximación ecosistémica.
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