La obligación de descartes: un “aterrizaje forzoso” para las pesquerías mixtas del Mediterráneo. Evaluación de estrategias de gestión mediante un modelo bioeconómico aplicado al Mar Egeo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04881.08APalabras clave:
obligación de desembarque, ordenación pesquera, pesquerías mixtas, modelos bioeconómicos, mar Egeo, pesquerías del MediterráneoResumen
Minimizar las capturas no deseadas es un hito importante para lograr pesquerías sostenibles. En el marco de la Política Pesquera Común se está estableciendo progresivamente una obligación de desembarque en aguas europeas (artículo 15, reglamento 1380/2013 de la UE). Se han propuesto medidas de gestión complementarias para apoyar y mejorar la eficacia de este nuevo régimen. En este contexto, se evalúa el efecto de la obligación de desembarque en una pesquería mixta demersal (flota costera y de arrastre) en el mar Egeo (NE mar Mediterráneo), tanto en términos de sostenibilidad biológica como económica. Nuestros resultados muestran que la obligación de desembarque por sí sola no garantiza una pesca sostenible, y que la gestión debería enfocarse hacia la introducción de medidas adicionales. Las evidencias obtenidas sugieren que mejorar la selectividad de las artes de pesca y proteger las áreas de alevinaje son dos soluciones posibles para disminuir los descartes y garantizar una pesca sostenible a largo plazo. La obligación de desembarque puede tener un papel en incentivar la adopción de estas medidas de gestión, que aseguran una menor mortalidad por pesca en peces juveniles.
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