Climate influences on Guiana dolphin diet along the Brazilian coast

Gabriel M. Rupil; Juliano André Bogoni; Lupércio Barbosa; Milton César C. Marcondes; Ana Paula Cazerta Farro

doi:10.3989/scimar.04775.27A

Authors

Gabriel M. Rupil Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBT); Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia (POSECO); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-3456
Juliano André Bogoni Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia (POSECO); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ) - Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-0556
Lupércio Barbosa Organização Consciência Ambiental – Instituto ORCA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-1844
Milton César C. Marcondes Instituto Baleia Jubarte (IBJ) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-118X
Ana Paula Cazerta Farro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBT); Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04775.27A

Keywords:

feeding plasticity, Guiana dolphin, estuary, regression tree, climate variability

Abstract

The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) is a small-bodied dolphin distributed along the Atlantic coast from Honduras to southern Brazil. It preys on fish, squid and shrimps. Several seminal studies have described its diet, yet relationships between the species’ feeding plasticity and climate gradients remain unknown. We compiled a large database of Guiana dolphin stomach remains from southeast coastal Brazil. We described the species’ diet using a number of descriptors, multivariate analysis of variance to test possible differentiation in diet composition, and the Morisita index to estimate the extent of trophic niche overlap between groups. We also analysed feeding plasticity using a regression tree analysis followed by an ordination analysis. We present new records of prey for the species in Brazil. Our results suggest that the Guiana dolphin has opportunistic feeding habits, which may exhibit the species’ feeding plasticity. Such feeding plasticity is associated with the capability to prey throughout a wide array of climate conditions. From a conservation ecology perspective, we conclude that estuaries—even ones that are over-depleted and succumbing to human impacts—are paramount environments for the Guiana dolphin, serving as important sources of prey for the species and other sympatric marine mammals.

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