INTRODUCTIONTop

The study of decapod crustaceans in the Iberian Peninsula began in the last part of the 19th century, with information and lists obtained from different coastal areas (e.g. Brito Capello 1873Brito Capello F. de. 1873. Lista dos crustáceos decápodios de Portugal, existentes no Museu de Lisboa. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa 4: 233-240., Barceló-Combis 1875Barceló Combis F. 1875. Apuntes para la Fauna Balear. Addenda al catálogo de los peces de las Baleares, inserto en la revista de los progresos de las ciencias exactas, físicas y naturales, tomo XVIII, núm. 3 y 4. An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 4: 59-68., Bolívar 1892Bolívar I. 1892. Lista de la colección de crustáceos de España y Portugal del Museo de Historia Natural de Madrid. Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 124-141., 1916Bolívar I. 1916. Los Crustáceos de las Baleares. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 16: 246-253., Buen 1887Buen O. de. 1887. Materiales para la Fauna carcinológica de España. Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 16: 405-434., 1916Buen O. de. 1916. Los Crustáceos de Baleares. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nal. 16: 355-367., Ferrer Galdiano 1920Ferrer Galdiano M. 1920. Observaciones sobre los Hippolytidae. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 20: 129-133., 1940Ferrer Galdiano M. 1940. Observaciones sobre el género Ebalia y las especies españolas. Anal. Ciénc. Nat., Madrid 73-81., Miranda y Rivera 1921Miranda y Rivera A. de. 1921. Algunos crustáceos de la colección del Laboratorio Biológico de Málaga. Bol. Pescas, Madrid 6: 179-205.), as well as from the results from the research expeditions that covered parts of these waters (see García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752. and references cited therein). The first checklist for all Spanish waters was compiled by Miranda y Rivera (1933)Miranda y Rivera A. de. 1933. Ensayo de un catálogo de los Crustáceos Decápodos marinos de España y Marruecos español. Notas y Res. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., ser. 2, 67: 1-72. and subsequently extended by Zariquiey-Cenarro (1935aZariquiey Cenarro R. 1935a. Adiciones al «Ensayo de un Catálogo de los Crustáceos Decápodos Marinos de España y Marruecos Español» de D. Alvaro de Miranda y Rivera, publicado en 20 de septiembre de 1933. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. Nat. 35: 92-98., bZariquiey Cenarro R. 1935b. Crustáceos del Mediterráneo. Familia Hippolytidae, S. Bate. Géneros Thor, Kingsley y Spirontocaris, S. Bate. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. Nat. 35: 233-250., 1942)Zariquiey Cenarro R. 1942. Crustáceos del Mediterráneo. Familia Palaemonidae S. Bate. Eos 18: 251-292.. Zariquiey Álvarez (1946)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1946. Crustáceos Decápodos Mediterráneos. Inst. Esp. Est. Medit. 1-181. published a synthesis, “Crustáceos Decápodos Mediterráneos”. In Portugal, Nobre (1931Nobre A. 1931. Crustáceos Decapodes e Stomatopodes marinhos de Portugal. Imprensa Portuguesa, Porto. 307 pp., 1936)Nobre A. 1936. Crustáceos Decapodes e Stomatopodes marinhos de Portugal, 2a ed., Fauna marinha de Portugal 4: 1-213. published “Crustáceos Decápodos e Stomatópodes marinhos de Portugal”. These relatively intensive works on the Iberian decapods culminated just 50 years ago with the publication of “Crustáceos Decápodos Ibéricos”, a posthumous work by Ricardo Zariquiey Álvarez completed by Drs Lipke B. Holthuis, Jacques Forest and Isabella Gordon, which has been, and still is, a basic reference work for this taxonomic group in the Mediterranean Sea and Europe.

Recently, the works of d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999a)D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384. and Türkay (2001)Türkay M. 2001. Decapoda. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds.) European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Coll. Patr. Nat. 50: 284-292. offer updated lists of the European decapods, but they do not provide listings of species by geographic sectors.

Today, the number of known Iberian decapod crustaceans has increased mainly due to the large number of studies undertaken along the continental shelf and slope, as well as on bathyal bottoms. Furthermore, climate change and other anthropogenic activities have increased the number of thermophilic and invasive species, reinforcing the utility of check-lists for detecting changes in fauna over time in specific regional areas (Zenetos et al 2010Zenetos A., Gofas S., Verlaque M., et al. 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Medit. Mar. Sci. 11: 318-493., 2012Zenetos A., Gofas S., Morri C., et al. 2012. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Medit. Mar. Sci. 13: 328-352.). Finally, changes in nomenclature and taxonomical reorganizations at different levels (families, genera and species) have taken place in these years due, in part, to the development of molecular techniques (Cuesta et al. 2012Cuesta J.A., Drake P., Martínez-Rodríguez G., et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the genera Palaemon and Palaemonetes (Decapoda, Caridea, Palemonidae) from a European perspective. Crustaceana 85: 877-888., among others) and to larval studies (Marco-Herrero et al. 2013Marco-Herrero E., Torres A.P, Cuesta J.A., et al. 2013. The systematic position of Ergasticus (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allied genera, a molecular and morphological approach. Zool. Scr. 42: 427-439.).

These reasons led us to consider that it would be of wider interest to review the list of Iberian decapod crustacean species. We also present this review in homage to and recognition of all these authors, especially Dr. Ricardo Zariquiey Álvarez and his father Ricardo Zariquiey-Cenarro. In this regard, Marco-Herrero et al. (2015)Marco-Herrero E., Abelló P., Drake P., et al. 2015. Annotated checklist of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Sci. Mar. 79: 243-256. published a first paper with the updated list of the brachyuran crabs, and now, with this present paper, which includes the remaining marine groups, we update the definitive list of all marine Iberian decapod crustaceans. In addition, a list of freshwater species is given to account for the total number of species in Iberian waters.

MATERIALS AND METHODSTop

In order to draw up the present updated list of Iberian decapod crustaceans (excluding Brachyura), two basic studies were taken as a departure point: Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. and d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999a)D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., in addition to a large number of subsequent specific publications. Data from relatively recent expeditions in remote areas of the coast, especially those from deep and pelagic waters (e.g. Türkay 1975Türkay M. 1975. Decapoda Reptantia aus dem Iberischen Tiefseebecken. - Auwertung der Fahrten 3(1966) und 15(1972) von F.S.”Meteor”. -- “Meteor”-For­schungserg. (D) 20: 66-70, Abb. 1-6; Berlin and Stuttgart., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., Fariña et al. 1997Fariña A.C., Freire J., González-Gurriarán E. 1997. Megabenthic decapod crustacean assemblages on the Galician continental shelf and upper slope (north-west Spain). Mar. Biol. 127: 419-434., and Cartes et al. 2007Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816., 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.) enabled us to complete the species list. Additional information was obtained from several expeditions and research projects carried out by governmental agencies, which have published information and species lists on the internet. These include the Instituto Español de Oceanografía projects ECOMARG (http://www.ecomarg.com/biodiversidad.html), DEEPER (http://www.ma.ieo.es/deeper) and INDEMARES (http://www.indemares.es), the Alcalá University CALMEN07 Expedition (http://www.juanjunoy.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/CALMEN07.pdf; Junoy 2008Junoy J. 2008. Informe sobre los trabajos realizados en el Laboratorio de Bentos de la Universidad de Alcalá con las muestras recogidas durante la campaña CALMEN07 (conv. SGM-UAH), 1-140.) and studies of specific areas (e.g. Calado and Narciso 2002Calado R., Narciso L. 2002. Camarões e Lagostas da Costa Continental Portuguesa. Camara Municipal de Cascais, Portugal, 222 pp.). Reviews of specific groups and genera (e.g. Macpherson 1988Macpherson E. 1988. Revision of the Family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) in the Atlantic Ocean. Monogr. Zool. Mar. 2: 9-153. , García-Gómez 1994García-Gómez J. 1994. The systematics of the genus Anapagurus Henderson, 1886, and a new genus for Anapagurus drachi Forest, 1966 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguroidea). Zool Verh. 295: 1-131., Galil 2000Galil B. 2000. Crustacea Decapoda: Review of the genera and species of the family Polychelidae Wood-Mason. 1874. In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 21. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. A Zool. 184: 85-287., and Macpherson and Segonzac 2005Macpherson E., Segonzac M. 2005. Species of the genus Munidopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the deep Atlantic Ocean, including cold-seep and hydrothermal vent areas. Zootaxa 1095: 1-60.), those with descriptions of new species (e.g. García Muñoz et al. 2014García Muñoz J.E., Cuesta J.A., García Raso J.E. 2014 Taxonomic study of the Pagurus forbesii “complex” (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae). Description of Pagurus pseudosculptimanus sp. nov. from Alborán Sea (Southern Spain, Western Mediterranean Sea). Zootaxa 3753: 25-46.), and new records of introduced species in the area (e.g. García Raso et al. 2014bGarcía Raso J.E., Salmerón F., Baro J., et al. 2014b. The tropical African hermit crab Pagurus mbizi (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea: a new alien species or filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution? Medit. Mar. Sci. 15: 172-178.) were also included.

In addition, in studies on meso- and bathypelagic species in waters some distance from the Iberian Peninsula coast, for example between Portugal and Azores, some species are mentioned but their specific location is not (e.g. Burukovsky 1996Burukovsky R.N. 1996. Shrimp fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the North Atlantic subtropical convergence. Arquipel. Life Mar. Sci. 14A: 7-15.). Some of these species, which show wide geographic distribution and extensive vertical movements, have also been included, because although they have not been captured in jurisdictional waters (economic zone) their presence is highly probable, especially considering the scarcity of studies in the pelagic habitat around Iberian waters.

The geographical sectors considered are the same as in Marco-Herrero et al. (2015)Marco-Herrero E., Abelló P., Drake P., et al. 2015. Annotated checklist of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Sci. Mar. 79: 243-256. (Fig. 1): the Gulf of Biscay and Galicia, western Portugal, the Gulf of Cádiz and the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Alboran Sea, and the Spanish western Mediterranean. For each of these sectors and for all species, some selected bibliographic references are given.

For the classification and nomenclature, we followed that adopted in WoRMS (http://www.marinespecies.org/) and in recent reviews (Vereshchaka 2000Vereshchaka A. 2000. The genus Sergia: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 19: 1-207., 2009Vereshchaka A. 2009. The genus Sergestes: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 22: 1-137., Baba et al. 2008Baba K., Macpherson E., Poore G.C.B., et al. 2008. Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura—families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae). Zootaxa 1905: 1-220., McLaughlin et al. 2010McLaughlin P.A., Komai T., Lemaitre R., et al. 2010. Annotated checklist of Anomuran Decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. Raffles Bull. Zool. 23 (Suppl.): 5-107., Osawa and McLaughlin 2010Osawa M., McLaughlin P.A. 2010. Annotated checklist of Anomuran Decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part. II – Porcellanidae. Raffles Bull. Zool. 23 (Suppl.): 109-129., Boyko and McLaughlin 2010Boyko C.B., McLaughlin P.A. 2010. Annotated checklist of Anomuran Decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part. IV - Hippoidea. The Raffles Bull. Zool. 23 (Suppl.): 139-151., Chan 2010Chan T.-Y. 2010 Annotated Checklist of the World’s Marine Lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Astacidea, Glypheidea, Achelata, Polychelida). The Raffles Bull. Zool. 23(Suppl.): 153-181., De Grave and Fransen 2011De Grave S., Fransen C.H.J.M. 2011. Carideorum Catalogus: The Recent Species of the Dendrobranchiate, Stenopodidean, Procarididean and Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zool. Meded. 89: 195-589., Vereshchaka et al. 2014Vereshchaka A.L., Olesen J., Lunina A.A. 2014. Global diversity and phylogeny of pelagic shrimps of the former genera Sergestes and Sergia (Crustacea, Dendrobranchiata, Sergestidae), with definition of eight new genera. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112057., and Ng and De Forges 2015Ng P.K.L., De Forges B.R. 2015. Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamark, 1801 (Crustacea: Barchyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with description of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific. Raffles Bull. Zool. 63: 110-225., among others).

RESULTSTop

A total of 293 species of marine and estuarine decapod crustaceans, excluding crabs (Brachyura) were recorded in coastal and offshore waters around the Iberian Peninsula (Appendix 1). They belong to 136 genera and 48 families. These data increase the number of species recorded by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. by 116 species of 54 different genera and 22 families (the last two, including reassignments).

The updated checklist by geographical sectors of all decapod crustacean species, excluding Brachyura, recorded in waters around the Iberian Peninsula is shown in Appendix 1. The distribution of some species shows sectors in white, which are absences or “gaps” interspersed among others in which the species is cited. Unless they are at the distribution limit of the species, their presence in these gaps (although not verified) is more than likely.

The families with the highest species richness are Paguridae with 28 species, followed by Palaemonidae with 18 (excluding freshwater species) (Appendix 1).

Table 1 presents the taxonomic changes in the names of genera and species referred to in Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., as well as some synonyms mentioned in recent studies.

Taxonomic groups

Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. considered two supersections: Natantia with three sections, Caridea, Penaeidea and Stenopodidea; and Reptantia with three sections, Macrura Reptantia, Anomura and Brachyura. However, in the current classification these taxa belong to different infraorders (included in two suborders), and the supersection and section ranges are not accepted.

The suborder Dendrobranchiata (previously Section Penaeidea within Supersection Natantia) is represented in the Iberian Peninsula by 38 species in 26 genera and 7 families.

The most important contributions to the knowledge of Dendrobranchiata in the study area are the papers of Maurin (1965)Maurin C. 1965. Les crevettes profondes de la region atlantique ibero-marocaine: repartition bathymetrique et geographique, importance economique. Comm. Int. Explor. Sci. Mer Medit. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. 166: 116-119., Abbes and Casanova (1973)Abbes R., Casanova J.-P. 1973. Crustacés Décapodes Pélagiques Penaeidea et Caridea récoltés par la “Thalassa” dans I’Atlantique eurafricain. Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches marit. 37: 257-290., Casanova and Judkins (1977)Casanova J.-P., Judkins D.C. 1977. Les décapodes pélagiques en Mediterranée. Repartition et secteurs faunistiques. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit. 24: 125-127., Sardà et al. (1982)Sardá F, Valladares F.J., Abelló P. 1982. Crustáceos decápodos y estomatópodos capturados durante la campaña “Golfo de Cádiz 81”. Res. Exp. Cient. (Supl Invest. Pesq.) 10: 89-100., Abelló et al. (2002)Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198. , Domenech et al. (1981)Domenech J.L., Menéndez de la Hoz M., Ortea J.A. 1981. Crustáceos decápodos de la costa asturiana. I. Macruros. Bol. Cien. Nat. 27: 117-157., Cartes et al. (2007Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816., 2014)Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., Serrano et al. (2011)Serrano A., Sánchez F., Punzón A., et al. 2011. Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Sci. Mar. 75: 425-437., Abelló and Torres (1998)Abelló P., Valladares F.J. 1988. Bathyal decapod crustaceans of the Catalan sea (northwestern Mediterranean). Mésogée 48: 97-102., and the classic works of Sund (1920)Sund O. 1920. Peneides and Stenopides. Rep. Sci. Res. “Michael Sars” North Atlantic deep-sea Exped. 1910, 3: 1-36. , Stephensen (1923)Stephensen K. 1923. Decapoda-Macrura excluding Sergestidae. Rep. Dan. oceanogr. Exped. Medit. 2: 1-85. and Hansen (1920Hansen H.J. 1920. Les Sergestides des expéditions du “Travailleur w et du c Talisman” Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 26: 477-483., 1922)Hansen H.J. 1922. Crustacés décapodes (Sergestides) provenant des campagnes des yachts a Hirondelle et c Princesse Alice (1885-1915). Rés. Camp. sci. Monaco 64: 1-232..

In the new updated checklist, a new genus and species of the family Aristeidae is recorded for Iberian waters: Cerataspis monstrosus, which was captured in the Gulf of Biscay and reported as Plesiopenaeus armatus by Saint Laurent (1985)Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.. According to its general geographic distribution (Crosnier and Forest 1973Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409., d’Udekem d’Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.), this species must also be present in the Atlantic areas of Portugal and the Gulf of Cádiz. Morgan et al. (1985: Fig. 3)Morgan S.G., Manooch III C.S., Mason D.L., et al. 1985. Pelagic fish predation on Cerataspis, a rare larval genus of oceanic Penaeoids. Bull. Mar. Sci. 36: 249-259. showed the presence of mysis larval stages of several species of Cerataspis around Iberian waters, while Bracken-Grissom et al. (2012)Bracken-Grissom H.D., Felder D.L., Vollmer N.L., et al. 2012. Phylogenetics links monster larva to deep-sea shrimp. Ecol. Evol. 2: 2367-2373. confirmed molecularly that the adult of P. armatus and the larvae of C. monstrosus belong to the same species.

In the family Benthesicymidae, two new species of the genus Benthesicymus have been added: B. brasiliensis and B. iridescens (Appendix 1).

In the family Penaeidae, three other species must be included in the updated list: Penaeopsis serrata, Funchalia villosa and the introduced species Penaeus pulchricaudatus (Abelló and Torres 1998Abelló P., Torres P. 1998. Occurrence of Peneopsis serrata (Bate, 1881) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Graellsia 54: 115-117., Abelló et al. 2002Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198., Judkins 2014Judkins D.C. 2014. Geographical distribution of pelagic decapod shrimps in the Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 3895: 301-345., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Rodríguez 1989Rodríguez A. 1989. Presencia de Penaeus japonicus Bate (Crustacea, Decapoda) en el Golfo de Cádiz (Océano Atlántico). In: Yufera M. (ed.) Acuicultura intermareal. Inst. Cien. Marinas de Andalucía, Cádiz, pp. 321-324.).

In the Solenoceridae family, Metapenaeus affinis, Hymenopenaeus aphoticus and Hymenopenaeus debilis have been added to the list provided by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., Abelló et al. 2002Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198.).

The Sergestidae family has recently been revised by Vereshchaka (2000Vereshchaka A. 2000. The genus Sergia: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 19: 1-207., 2009)Vereshchaka A. 2009. The genus Sergestes: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 22: 1-137. and Vereshchaka et al. (2014)Vereshchaka A.L., Olesen J., Lunina A.A. 2014. Global diversity and phylogeny of pelagic shrimps of the former genera Sergestes and Sergia (Crustacea, Dendrobranchiata, Sergestidae), with definition of eight new genera. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112057.. These authors proposed some new genera, although the WoRMs does not include some of them yet. The information on the general distribution of the species can be found in Vereshchaka (2009)Vereshchaka A. 2009. The genus Sergestes: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 22: 1-137. and in papers mentioned in the following paragraph.

In Iberian waters, this family shows a high species richness. A total of 15 species in 10 genera, most of them epipelagic and some benthopelagic and bathypelagic, have been reported. Eight of these species were not reported by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.: Cornutosergestes cornutus (synonym: Sergestes cornutus Krøyer, 1855), Deosergestes henseni (syn. Sergestes henseni Ortmann, 1893), Gardinosergia splendens (syn. Sergia splendens Sund, 1920), Parasergestes armatus (syn. Sergestes armatus Krøyer, 1855), Petalidium obesum, Sergia burukovskii, Sergia grandis and Sergia tenuiremis (syn. Sergestes kroyeri Bate, 1891) (see Appendix 1) (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Torres et al. 2014Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Balbín R., et al. 2014. Decapod crustacean larval communities in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean): Seasonal composition, horizontal and vertical distribution patterns. J. Mar. Syst. 138: 112-126., Landeira and Fransen 2012Landeira J.M., Fransen C.H.J.M. 2012. New data on the mesopelagic shrimp community of the Canary Islans Region. Crustaceana 85: 385-414., Hansen 1920Hansen H.J. 1920. Les Sergestides des expéditions du “Travailleur w et du c Talisman” Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 26: 477-483., 1922Hansen H.J. 1922. Crustacés décapodes (Sergestides) provenant des campagnes des yachts a Hirondelle et c Princesse Alice (1885-1915). Rés. Camp. sci. Monaco 64: 1-232., Dos Santos and Moreira 2003Dos Santos A., Moreira A. 2003. On the occurrence of Sergia grandis (Sund, 1920) and Pasiphaea hoplocerca Chace 1940 (Decapoda) off he southern coast of Portugal. Crustaceana 75: 1061-1065.).

Judkins (2014)Judkins D.C. 2014. Geographical distribution of pelagic decapod shrimps in the Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 3895: 301-345. provided geographical distribution maps of pelagic decapod shrimps in the Atlantic Ocean, which allowed us to complete the distribution of some species (such as Gennadas tinayrei and Funchalia villosa). We also used general information from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (for example for F. villosa http://www.iobis.org/explore/#/taxon/444697) and from specific websites edited by recognized research centres or researchers (e.g. F. woodwardi reported in Portugal in the French Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel (https://inpn.mnhn.fr/accueil/recherche-de-donnees/especes).

Additionally, Deosergestes arachnipodus (Cocco, 1832, described as Acheles arachnipodus) was considered a synonym of Sergestes arcticus by Hansen (1922)Hansen H.J. 1922. Crustacés décapodes (Sergestides) provenant des campagnes des yachts "Hirondelle" et "Princesse Alice" (1885-1915). Rés. Camp. sci. Monaco 64: 1-232. and Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.. Holthuis (1977a)Holthuis L.B. 1977a. The Mediterranean Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea in A. Risso’s published works and manuscripts. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Nice 5: 37­88. mentioned that it is a synonym of S. corniculum Kroyer, 1885 and that the use of the name arachnipodus should be given preference since it is older than corniculus. However, Vereshchaka (2009)Vereshchaka A. 2009. The genus Sergestes: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 22: 1-137., following Hansen (1922)Hansen H.J. 1922. Crustacés décapodes (Sergestides) provenant des campagnes des yachts "Hirondelle" et "Princesse Alice" (1885-1915). Rés. Camp. sci. Monaco 64: 1-232., considered that D. arachnipodus is a synonym of Sergestes arcticus Kroyer, 1855 (=Eusergestes arcticus, see Judkins and Kensley 2008Judkins D.C., Kensley B. 2008. New genera in the family Sergestidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 121: 72-84.), but this species is still accepted as valid in the WoRMS. We have followed Vereshchaka (2009)Vereshchaka A. 2009. The genus Sergestes: taxonomy, systematics, and distribution. “Galathea” Rep. 22: 1-137. in this article, but the situation needs to be clarified.

Other species of Dendrobranchiata not yet reported in Iberian waters but with probable presence due to their biogeographical distribution range, and because they have been reported off northern Morocco, are Benthesicymus bartletti Smith, 1882 and Benthonectes filipes Smith, 1885 (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), as well as Allosergestes pectinatus (Sund, 1920) (Sund 1920Sund O. 1920. Peneides and Stenopides. Rep. Sci. Res. “Michael Sars” North Atlantic deep-sea Exped. 1910, 3: 1-36., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.).

The suborder Pleocyemata is the most diverse and rich in species. It includes ten infraorders: Achelata, Polychelida, Astacidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea, Procarididea (with no species in Iberian waters), Axiidea, Gebiidea (both previously included within the Thalassinidea infraorder), Anomura and Brachyura.

The first three infraorders (Achelata, Polychelida and Astacidea) have 18 marine species included in 14 genera. In Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. these taxa were included within the Section Macrura Reptantia in the superfamilies Astacidea and Palinuridea [together with the Polychelidae, Palinuridae and Scyllaridae (the last two belonging presently to the Achelata)].

Some relevant contributions for the study area concerning these infraorders include those of Bouvier (1917)Bouvier E.-L. 1917. Crustacés décapodes (Macroures marcheurs) provenant des campagnes des Yachts Hirondelle et Princesse Alice (1885-1915). Résult. Camp. Sci. Monaco 50: 1-140., Miranda y Rivera (1921)Miranda y Rivera A. de. 1921. Algunos crustáceos de la colección del Laboratorio Biológico de Málaga. Bol. Pescas, Madrid 6: 179-205., Silvertsen and Holthuis (1956)Sivertsen E., Holthuis L.B. 1956. Cruslacea Decapoda (The Penaeidea and Stenopodidea excepted). Rep. Sei. Res. Michael Sars N. Atlant. Deep-sea Exped. 5: 1-54., Türkay (1976)Türkay M. 1976. Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Küste. Auswertung der Fahrten 8, 9c (1967), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F.S. “Meteor”. -- “Meteor” Forschungserg, (D) 23: 23-44, Abb.1-35; Berlin and Stuttgart., Domenech et al. (1981)Domenech J.L., Menéndez de la Hoz M., Ortea J.A. 1981. Crustáceos decápodos de la costa asturiana. I. Macruros. Bol. Cien. Nat. 27: 117-157., Saint Laurent (1985)Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478., Neves (1987)Neves A.M. 1987. Crustâceos Decapodes Marinhos da Costa Portuguesa existentes no “Aquârio Vasco da Gama” 1. Penaeidea, Caridea, Macrura. Arq. Mus. Bocage, sér. A, 3: 221-262., García Raso (1996)García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752. and Cartes et al. (2014)Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., as well as the review of Polychelidae by Galil (2000)Galil B. 2000. Crustacea Decapoda: Review of the genera and species of the family Polychelidae Wood-Mason. 1874. In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 21. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. A Zool. 184: 85-287..

New additions to Achelata since Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. are the scyllarid Acantharctus posteli (=Scyllarus posteli Forest, 1963) (Pozuelo et al. 1976Pozuelo M.A., Arias A., Rodríguez A., et al. 1976. Presencia de Scyllarus posteli Forest en la Bahia de Cádiz (región sudatlántica española). Inv. Pesq. 40: 85-93. , García Raso 1982cGarcía Raso J.E. 1982c. Familia Scyllaridae Latreille 1825 (Crustácea, Decapoda) en la Región Sur-mediterránea española. Bol. Asoc. esp. Entom. 6: 73-78., González-Gordillo and Rodríguez 2003González-Gordillo J.I., Rodríguez A. 2003. Comparative seasonal and spatial distribution of decapod larvae assemblages in three coastal zones off the south-western. Iberian Peninsula. Acta. Oecol. 24: 219-233.) and the introduced palinurid Jasus lalandii (Guerra and Gaudêncio 1982Guerra M.T., Gaudéncio M.J. 1982. Première capture de la langouste du sud-ouest Africain, Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), sur la côte portugaise. Mems. Mus. Mar, ser Zool, Portugal, 2: 1-12., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.).

Within the Polychelida, new additions include Cardus crucifer (=Polycheles crucifer Thomson, 1873) (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Türkay 1976Türkay M. 1976. Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Küste. Auswertung der Fahrten 8, 9c (1967), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F.S. “Meteor”. -- “Meteor” Forschungserg, (D) 23: 23-44, Abb.1-35; Berlin and Stuttgart. ), Pentacheles snyderi (Galil 2000Galil B. 2000. Crustacea Decapoda: Review of the genera and species of the family Polychelidae Wood-Mason. 1874. In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 21. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. A Zool. 184: 85-287.), and Willemoesia leptodactyla (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.). Pentacheles laevis was quoted in Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. as Polycheles granulatus Faxon, 1893) without specifying its distribution area, but d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999a)D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384. (following Bouvier 1917Bouvier E.-L. 1917. Crustacés décapodes (Macroures marcheurs) provenant des campagnes des Yachts Hirondelle et Princesse Alice (1885-1915). Résult. Camp. Sci. Monaco 50: 1-140.) mentioned the species in Galicia and Portugal. Pentacheles validus (=Polycheles validus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) could very probably be found in Atlantic Iberian waters since it has been reported in the northern sector of the Gulf of Biscay (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.), the Azores and northern Africa (Galil 2000Galil B. 2000. Crustacea Decapoda: Review of the genera and species of the family Polychelidae Wood-Mason. 1874. In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 21. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. A Zool. 184: 85-287.).

The infraorder Stenopodidea was represented in the book of Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. by only two species. The studies of Macpherson (1978)Macpherson E. 1978. On the occurrence of Richardina fredericii Lo Bianco, 1903 (Decapoda; Stenopodidae) in Spanish waters. Crustaceana 35: 107-109., Pretus (1990)Pretus J.L. 1990. Description of Odontozona addaia spec. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidae) from a marine cave in the island of Minorca, Western Mediterranean. Zool. Meded. 63: 343-357., Cartes and Sardà (1992)Cartes J.E., Sardà F. 1992. Abundance and diversity of decapod crustaceans in the deep-Catalan Sea (Western Mediterranean). J. Nat. Hist. 26: 1305-1323., Cartes et al. (1994)Cartes J.E., Sorbe J.C., Sardà F. 1994. Spatial distribution of deep-sea decapods and euphausiids near the bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 179: 131-144., García Raso (1996)García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., Goy and Cardoso (2014)Goy J.W., Cardoso I.A. 2014. Redescription of Odontozona edwardsi (Bouvier, 1908) (Decapoda: Stenopdidea: Stenopodidae) and description of a new species of Odontozona commensal on the deep-water coral, Lophelia pertusa (Linneaus, 1758). Zootaxa 3774: 552-566. and Cartes et al. (2014)Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178. have increased this list to seven species (in four genera and two families), most of them from deep waters. Odontozona addaia is an endemism of the Iberian Peninsula, described from a marine cave of Menorca (Balearic Islands) (Pretus 1990Pretus J.L. 1990. Description of Odontozona addaia spec. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidae) from a marine cave in the island of Minorca, Western Mediterranean. Zool. Meded. 63: 343-357.). Odontozona edwardsi (=Richardina edwardsi Bouvier, 1908) was captured in northern Spain (Goy and Cardoso 2014Goy J.W., Cardoso I.A. 2014. Redescription of Odontozona edwardsi (Bouvier, 1908) (Decapoda: Stenopdidea: Stenopodidae) and description of a new species of Odontozona commensal on the deep-water coral, Lophelia pertusa (Linneaus, 1758). Zootaxa 3774: 552-566. ), Richardina fredericii in the western Mediterranean (Macpherson 1978Macpherson E. 1978. On the occurrence of Richardina fredericii Lo Bianco, 1903 (Decapoda; Stenopodidae) in Spanish waters. Crustaceana 35: 107-109., Cartes and Sardà 1992Cartes J.E., Sardà F. 1992. Abundance and diversity of decapod crustaceans in the deep-Catalan Sea (Western Mediterranean). J. Nat. Hist. 26: 1305-1323., Cartes 1993Cartes J.E. 1993. Deep-sea decapod fauna of the western Mediterranean: Bathymetric distribution and biogeographic aspects. Crustaceana 65: 29-40., Cartes et al. 1994Cartes J.E., Sorbe J.C., Sardà F. 1994. Spatial distribution of deep-sea decapods and euphausiids near the bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 179: 131-144.) and Spongicoloides evolutus in southern Portugal (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.). Other studies (e.g. Neves 1969Neves A.M. 1969.Sobre um novo Crustáceo Decápode (Natantia, Stenopidea) para a fauna Portuguese: Stenopus spinosus Risso, 1827. Arq. Mus. Bocage, ser. 2, 2: 99-106. , García Raso 1985aGarcía Raso J.E. 1985a. Nuevas aportaciones a la fauna de crustáceos decápodos de la isla de Alborán (España). Bolm. Soc. port. Ent. 1(Supl.1): 11-18.) have increased the distribution area of some species. In addition, Spongicoloides profundus Hansen, 1908 could be added to this list, since although there are no records for Iberian waters, it has been captured in northern Morocco (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.) and its biogeographic range reaches northern Europe.

The infraorder Caridea is a very large taxonomic group, with 128 marine species in Iberian peninsular waters included in 51 genera and 14 families. Fifty of these species were not mentioned in 1968. The taxonomy/phylogeny of the Caridea is not yet fully resolved, as is the case of the Palaemonidae, which appear in two clades (Aznar-Cormano et al. 2015Aznar-Cormano L., Brisset J., Chan T.-Y., et al. 2015. An improved taxonomic sampling is a necessary but not sufficient condition for resolving inter-families relationships in Caridean decapods. Genetica 143: 195-205.), although only one of them is in Iberian waters.

Within the Alpheidae family, Alpheus platydactylus was reported for the first time in Spanish waters by Forest (1965)Forest J. 1965. Campagnes du “Professeur Lacaze-Duthiers” aux Baleares: Juin 1953 et aout 1954. Crustacés Decapodes. Vie et Milieu 16: 325-413., Synalpheus africanus (as S. hululensis) by García Raso (1984a)García Raso J.E. 1984a. Carideos (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) nuevos o interesantes en aguas ibéricas. Inv. Pesq. 48: 45-50., Automate branchialis by Guillen Nieto (1996)Guillen Nieto E. 1996. Crustaceos decapodos de los fondos infralitorales del SE iberico: faunistica, biologia y ecologia. Ph. D. thesis. Universidad de Alicante., and Alpheus talismani and Athanas amazone by García Raso (1996)García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752. and Marina et al. (2015)Marina P., Rueda J.L., Urra J., et al. 2015. Sublittoral soft bottom assemblages within a Marine Protected Area of the northern Alboran Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 95: 1-14. . These species have subsequently been found in other peninsular areas (e.g. Box et al. 2007Box A., Guerao G., Abelló P., et al. 2007. Occurrence of Automate branchialis Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958 (Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean Sea). Crustaceana 80: 495-501., García Raso et al. 2010García Raso J.E., Cobos Muñoz V., García Muñoz J.E. 2010. Additional records of two rare crustaceans from southern Spain (Western Mediterranean Sea): Platysquilla eusebia (Stomatopoda) and Automate branchialis (Decapoda). Mar. Biodivers. Rec. 3: e29., Duris 1996Duris Z. 1996. Penaeid and caridean shrimps collected during Soviet expeditions 1974-1980 to the Mediterranean area. 6th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, Florence, 12-15., Abelló et al. 2002Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198.) (Appendix 1). Recently two new records of Alpheus species (Palero et al. unpublished data) have been found in Iberian waters, thus increasing to 12 the number of marine species of this family. As potential additions, we can mention the African Athanas grimaldii Coutière, 1911, given its report in the Gulf of Biscay, France (Coutière 1911Coutière H. 1911. Sur les Alpheidae du genre Athanas Leach provenant des collections de S.AS. Le Prince de Monaco (Ath. Grimaldii, n. sp.). Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 197: 1-7.), although it needs confirmation (Nouvel 1941Nouvel L. 1941. Contribution à l’ élude systématique des Athanas (Crustacés décapodes nageurs) des côtes de France. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, 806: 1-15. in d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.).

De Grave et al. (2014)De Grave S., Li C.P., Tsang L.M., et al. 2014. Unweaving hippolytoid systematics (Crustacea, Decapoda, Hippolytidae): resurrection of several families. Zool. Scr. 43: 496–507. showed that the former family Hippolytidae is not a monophyletic group and proposed to split it into five families. We have followed this criterion. Therefore, this group at present contains the following families: Lysmatidae Dana, 1852, Thoridae Kingsley, 1879, Bythocarididae Christoffersen, 1987, Merguiidae Christoffersen, 1990 and Hippolytidae S. Bate, 1888 s.s. Four genera and 11 species belonging to three of these families have been added to Iberian peninsular waters since Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510..

Within the Bythocarididae family, only the occurrence of Bythocaris cosmetops has been reported in the Alboran Sea (García Raso et al. 2011García Raso J.E, Marina P., Baro J. 2011. Bythocaris cosmetops (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) in the western Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Biodivers. Rec. 4: e52. ).

Six new records for the Hippolytidae family have been provided in Iberian waters. Caridion gordoni was reported on the Galicia Bank seamounts (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.) and Caridion steveni off Portugal (larvae) (Paula 1987Paula J. 1987. Seasonal distribution of Crustacea Decapoda larvae in S. Torpes bay, South-western Portugal. Invest. Pesq. 51: 267-275. ), in the Balearic Islands (García Socias and Gracia 1996García Socias L., Gracia F. 1996. Sobre algunes espècies de crustacis decàpodes interessants de les Illes Balears (Crustacea: Decapoda). Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 39: 177-186., as Caridion sp., Torres et al. 2014Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Balbín R., et al. 2014. Decapod crustacean larval communities in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean): Seasonal composition, horizontal and vertical distribution patterns. J. Mar. Syst. 138: 112-126, larvae) and in the Ebro Delta area (Abelló et al. 2002Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198.). Merhippolyte ancistrota was captured off Morocco, both in the Alboran Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean (d’Udekem d’Acoz and Duriš 1996D’Udekem d’Acoz C., Duriš Z. 1996. First records of Merhippolyte ancistrota Crosnier & Forest, 1973 in Moroccan Atlantic waters and in the Mediterranean Sea (Decapoda, Merhippolytidae). Crustaceana 69: 890-897., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), and recently also in the Gulf of Cádiz (García Raso, unpublished data, INDEMARES-Chica Expedition). Hippolyte lagarderei was reported in Cádiz by López de la Rosa et al. (2002)López De La Rosa I., García Raso J.E., Rodríguez A. 2002. Evolution of a decapod community (Crustacea) of shallow soft bottoms with seaweeds from southern Europe. J. Mar Biol. Assoc. U.K. 82: 85-95., Hippolyte niezabitowskii in Málaga by García Raso et al. (1998)Garcia Raso J.E., Manjon-Cabeza M.E., Martinez Iglesias J.C. 1998. Considerations on some species of Hippolyte (Decapoda, Caridea) from southern European waters, H. niezabitowskii, H. holthuisi, and H. varians. Crustaceana 71: 453-467., Hippolyte leptometrae in the Gulf of Biscay (Gascogne) and in the Mediterranean (France and Turkey, d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.), and recently in the Alboran Sea (García Raso pers. comm.). García Raso and Manjón-Cabeza (1996)García Raso J.E., Manjón-Cabeza M.E. 1996. New record of Liocarcinus mcleayi (Barnard, 1947), new combination (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from South Europe. Crustaceana 69: 84-93. provided information on the expansion of the distribution area for other species. However, the presence of Hippolyte holthuisi in northern Spain (Anadón 1975Anadón R. 1975. Aportaciones al conocimiento de la fauna bentónica de la Ría de Vigo (NW de España). I. Pycnogónidos y crustáceos de Panjón. Invest. Pesq. 39: 199-218.) needs to be confirmed.

Within the Thoridae family Eualus drachi was captured in the Alboran Sea (Duris 1996Duris Z. 1996. Penaeid and caridean shrimps collected during Soviet expeditions 1974-1980 to the Mediterranean area. 6th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea, Florence, 12-15., García Raso et al. 2014aGarcía Raso J.E., Orellana M., Ruiz M.J., et al. 2014a. Crustáceos decápodos de fondos de maërl y cascajo de la Isla de Alborán (Mediterráneo Occidental). In: Ríos P.; Suárez L.A., Cristobo J. (eds), XVIII Simposio Ibérico de Estudios de Biología Marina. Libro de resúmenes. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. 252 pp.), Eualus lebourae in the Strait of Gibraltar off Ceuta (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), and the boreal species Lebbeus microceros on the Galicia Bank (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.). Paula (1987)Paula J. 1987. Seasonal distribution of Crustacea Decapoda larvae in S. Torpes bay, South-western Portugal. Invest. Pesq. 51: 267-275. found larvae of Eualus gaimardii in southwestern Portugal during six months of an annual cycle.

The presence of three additional species in Iberian waters is very possible. These belong to the Lysmatidae family: Lysmata nilita Dohrn and Holthuis, 1950, known in the Azores, Canary Islands and Mediterranean Sea, see (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.), Lysmata olavoi Fransen, 1991, reported in the Azores and Mediterranean Sea (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.), and Lysmata uncicornis Holthuis and Maurin, 1952, captured in Atlantic waters of Morocco (Lagardère 1971Lagardère J.-P. 1971. Les crevettes des cotes du Maroc. Trav. Inst. sci. chérif. Fac. Sci. Rabat, Sér Zool. 36: 1-140.).

The Ogyridae family is represented by only one species, Ogyrides rarispina, not mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., recorded in Cádiz by Holthuis (1977b)Holthuis L.B. 1977b. First record of the family Ogyrididae from European waters (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana 33: 108-111. and later by López de la Rosa et al. (2002)López De La Rosa I., García Raso J.E., Rodríguez A. 2002. Evolution of a decapod community (Crustacea) of shallow soft bottoms with seaweeds from southern Europe. J. Mar Biol. Assoc. U.K. 82: 85-95., Cuesta et al. (2006)Cuesta J.A., González-Ortegón E., Rodríguez A., et al. 2006. The decapod crustacean community of the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain): seasonal and inter-year changes in community structure. Hydrobiologia 557: 85-95. and González-Ortegón (2008)González-Ortegón E. 2008. Ecología de los crustáceos decápodos en el necton del estuario del Guadalquivir. Efectos de la introducción de Palaemon macrodactylus. Ph. D. thesis. Univ. Cádiz, 314 pp..

The Bresiliidae family, not mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., is represented in Iberian waters by Bresilia atlantica, and was caught recently on the Galicia Bank (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.).

The Crangonidae family has 15 species included in seven genera in the study area. Of these, five have been reported since 1968 in Iberian waters. Four of these are found exclusively in Atlantic waters: Sabinea hystrix and Metacrangon jacqueti in the Galicia Bank by Cartes et al. (2014)Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.; Parapontophilus abyssi in the Gulf of Biscay and in the Gulf of Cádiz by Saint Laurent (1985)Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478. and García Raso (1996)García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., respectively; and Crangon allmani in the Bay of Cascais, Portugal by Santinho (2009)Santinho C.I. de A. 2009. Padrões de distribuição da abundância larvar de crustáceos decápodes na baía de Cascais. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Algarve. 88 pp. , although only larvae of this species have been captured. Anadón (1975)Anadón R. 1975. Aportaciones al conocimiento de la fauna bentónica de la Ría de Vigo (NW de España). I. Pycnogónidos y crustáceos de Panjón. Invest. Pesq. 39: 199-218. provided information on the presence of Crangon crangon in Galicia. Pontophilus norvegicus was first mentioned in Spanish Mediterranean waters by Forest (1965)Forest J. 1965. Campagnes du “Professeur Lacaze-Duthiers” aux Baleares: Juin 1953 et aout 1954. Crustacés Decapodes. Vie et Milieu 16: 325-413., and has also been reported in the Atlantic by d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999a)D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384. and Cartes et al. (2007)Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816.. Philocheras bispinosus, reported by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., Neves (1975)Neves A.M. 1975. Sobre uma colecçao de crustáceos decápodes da Baía de Setúbal (Portugal). Estudos Fauna Portuguesa 5: 1-48. , and García Raso and Manjón-Cabeza (2002)García Raso J.E., Manjón-Cabeza M.E. 2002. A new record of Galathea capillata for Europe and Spain. and notes on Philocheras bispinosus (Decapoca). Crustaceana 75: 383-393. , is represented by two subspecies or species according to the WoRMS. The subspecies Philocheras bispinosus neglectus (Sars, 1883) has been only reported by García Raso and Manjón-Cabeza (2002)García Raso J.E., Manjón-Cabeza M.E. 2002. A new record of Galathea capillata for Europe and Spain. and notes on Philocheras bispinosus (Decapoca). Crustaceana 75: 383-393. in the Alboran Sea, and by Santinho (2009)Santinho C.I. de A. 2009. Padrões de distribuição da abundância larvar de crustáceos decápodes na baía de Cascais. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Algarve. 88 pp. in Portugal. More data on the distribution of some species in Portugal are available in Paula (1987)Paula J. 1987. Seasonal distribution of Crustacea Decapoda larvae in S. Torpes bay, South-western Portugal. Invest. Pesq. 51: 267-275., Dos Santos (1999)Dos Santos A. 1999. Larvas de crustáceos decápodes ao largo da costa Portuguesa. Tese, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 278 pp. Anexos I, II. and Dos Santos et al. (2008)Dos Santos A., Santos A.M.P., Conway D.V.P., et al. 2008. Diel vertical migration of decapod larvae in the Portuguese coastal upwelling ecosystem: implications for offshore transport. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 359: 171-183.. In addition, the presence of the African species Parapontophilus talismani (Crosnier and Forest 1973Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409.) (=Pontophilus talismani) is possible because it has been recorded in the northern part of the Gulf of Biscay (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.).

The Glyphocrangonidae family (not mentioned in Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.) is represented by three Atlantic species: Glyphocrangon atlantica, G. sculpta and G. longirostris, the first two captured in the Gulf of Biscay (Holthuis 1971Holthuis L.B. 1971. The Atlantic shrimps of the deep-sea genus Glyphocrangon A. Milne Edwards, 1881. Bull. Mar. Sci. 21: 267-373. and Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.), and the third on the Galicia Bank (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.).

The Nematocarcinidae family is represented by three species, two of them cited since 1968: Nematocarcinus exilis in the Atlantic Ocean (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478., Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.) and in the Mediterranean Sea (Abelló and Valladares 1988Abelló P., Valladares F.J. 1988. Bathyal decapod crustaceans of the Catalan sea (northwestern Mediterranean). Mésogée 48: 97-102.), and N. gracilipes only in Atlantic waters off western Portugal and in the Gulf of Cádiz (Neves 1982Neves A.M. 1982. On the occurrence of Nematocarcinus gracilipes Filhol, 1844 (Crustacea Decapoda; Nematocarcinidae) off the Portuguese coast. Arq. Mus. Bocage, B (Notas) II: 1-8., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.); the presence of N. ensifer is mentioned in Portugal (without location) by Cardoso and Serejo (2007)Cardoso I.A., Serejo C.S. 2007. Deep sea Caridea (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. Oceanogr. 55: 39-50..

The Acanthephyridae family, included in Ophlophoridae in Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., is represented by 14 species within seven genera. Five of these have been cited since 1968: Acanthephyra brevirostris in Galicia and Portugal (Crosnier and Forest 1973Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409.), Acanthephyra purpurea in Galicia and Portugal (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Silvertsen and Holthuis 1956Sivertsen E., Holthuis L.B. 1956. Cruslacea Decapoda (The Penaeidea and Stenopodidea excepted). Rep. Sei. Res. Michael Sars N. Atlant. Deep-sea Exped. 5: 1-54.) and also in the Gulf of Cádiz (Portuguese and Spanish waters) (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., García Raso unpublished data, INDEMARES-Chica 0211), Heterogenys microphthalma (syn. Acanthephyra microphthalma Smith, 1885) in Portugal (Coutière 1911Coutière H. 1911. Sur les Alpheidae du genre Athanas Leach provenant des collections de S.AS. Le Prince de Monaco (Ath. Grimaldii, n. sp.). Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 197: 1-7., see d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.), Hymenodora glacialis in the Gulf of Biscay (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.); and Kemphyra corallina in western Portugal (see d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.). Finally, Meningodora miccyla (Chace, 1940) could also be present in Iberian waters because it was reported between the Azores and Portugal by Burukovsky (1996)Burukovsky R.N. 1996. Shrimp fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the North Atlantic subtropical convergence. Arquipel. Life Mar. Sci. 14A: 7-15., although without a specific locality.

The Oplophoridae family is represented by four species, in two genera; three of them not mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.. Oplophorus spinosus was captured in Galicia (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.), southern Portugal and Cádiz (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., and García Raso INDEMARES-Chica, unpublished data); Systellaspis braueri was found in the Cantabrian Sea by Saint Laurent (1985)Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478. and Crosnier and Forest (1973)Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409.; and Systellaspis cristata has been reported from the Gulf of Biscay (Crosnier and Forest 1973Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409.) and in the west and south of Portugal (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.).

The Gnathophyllidae family has only one species in Iberian Peninsula waters, Gnathophyllum elegans, with a Mediterranean distribution (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., García Raso 1982bGarcía Raso J.E. 1982b. Penaeidea y Caridea de las costas de Málaga (región sur-mediterránea española). Graellsia 38: 85-115.), although it could be found in the Gulf of Cádiz [see WoRMS: Gnathophyllum elegans (Risso, 1816), accessed at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107608 on 2018-04-03].

The Bathypalaemonellidae family has not been recorded in Iberian waters, but Bathypalaemonella serratipalma Pequegnat, 1970 was caught in the central part of the Gulf of Cádiz (Ibero-Moroccan), in waters close to the coast of Morocco (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.).

Concerning the Palaemonidae family, Grippa and d’Udekem d’Acoz (1996)Grippa G.B., d’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1996. The genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844 in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean: review of the species and description of Periclimenes sagittifer aegylios subsp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Pontoniinae). Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. e Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 135: 401-412. reviewed the species belonging to the genus Periclimenes from the Mediterranean and the northeastern Atlantic. González-Ortegón and Cuesta (2006)González-Ortegón E., Cuesta J.A. 2006. An illustrated key to species of Palaemon and Palaemonetes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from European waters, including the alien species Palaemon macrodactylus. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 86: 93-102. made a very useful illustrated key to identify the species of Palaemon and Palaemonetes (=Palaemon, after De Grave and Ashelby 2013De Grave S., Ashelby C.W. 2013. A re-appraisal of the systematic status of selected genera in Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Zootaxa 3734: 331-344.) from European waters. In total, 18 marine and estuarine species of palaemonids are known from peninsular waters. Four of them have been captured since 1968: Brachycarpus biunguiculatus in the Mediterranean (in the Alboran Sea by García Raso 1987aGarcía Raso J.E. 1987a. Presencia de Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) en el litoral español. Misc. Zool. 11: 377-379., 1990García Raso J.E. 1990. Study of a Crustacea Decapoda Taxocoenosis of Posidonia oceanica beds from the southeast of Spain. Mar. Ecol. 11: 309-326., and in the Balearic Islands by Torres et al. 2014Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Balbín R., et al. 2014. Decapod crustacean larval communities in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean): Seasonal composition, horizontal and vertical distribution patterns. J. Mar. Syst. 138: 112-126.); Periclimenes aegylios in the Balearic Islands (García Socias and Gracia 1996García Socias L., Gracia F. 1996. Sobre algunes espècies de crustacis decàpodes interessants de les Illes Balears (Crustacea: Decapoda). Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 39: 177-186.); P. kornii in the Gulf of Cádiz (Saint Laurent and García Raso 1993Saint Laurent M. de., García-Raso J.E. 1993. A new record and redescription of Periclimenes kornii (Lo Bianco, 1903) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Straits of Gibraltar. Sci. Mar. 57: 101-104.), the Alboran Sea (d’Udekem d’Acoz 1999bD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999b. New observations on Periclimenes kornii (Lo Bianco, 1903) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Bull. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. 69: 143-149., and García Raso unpublished data) and, with doubts, in Catalan Sea waters (Cartes et al. 1994Cartes J.E., Sorbe J.C., Sardà F. 1994. Spatial distribution of deep-sea decapods and euphausiids near the bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 179: 131-144., as Periclimenes sp.). An introduced species, Palaemon macrodactylus, has also been reported in the Gulf of Cádiz, in the Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, San Pedro and Salado estuaries (Cuesta et al. 2004Cuesta J.A., González-Ortegón E., Drake P., et al. 2004. First record of Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from European waters. Crustaceana 77: 377-380., 2006Cuesta J.A., González-Ortegón E., Rodríguez A., et al. 2006. The decapod crustacean community of the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain): seasonal and inter-year changes in community structure. Hydrobiologia 557: 85-95., González-Ortegón et al. 2005González-Ortegón E., Cuesta J.A., Drake P. 2005. La introducción del camarón oriental en el estuario del Guadalquivir. Quercus 234: 20-24.), in Cascais, western Portugal (Santinho 2009Santinho C.I. de A. 2009. Padrões de distribuição da abundância larvar de crustáceos decápodes na baía de Cascais. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Algarve. 88 pp. ) and in the Balearic Islands as larvae (Torres et al. 2012Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Cuesta J.A., et al. 2012 First record of Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in the western Mediterranean. Medit. Mar. Sci. 13: 278-282.). Finally, González-Ortegón et al. (2006)González-Ortegón E, Pascual E., Cuesta J.A., et al. 2006. Field distribution and osmoregulatory capacity of shrimps in a temperate European estuary (SW Spain). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 67: 293-302., Cuesta et al. (2012)Cuesta J.A., Drake P., Martínez-Rodríguez G., et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the genera Palaemon and Palaemonetes (Decapoda, Caridea, Palemonidae) from a European perspective. Crustaceana 85: 877-888. and Cartaxana (2015)Cartaxana A. 2015. Morphometric and molecular analyses for populations of Palaemon longirostris and Palaemon garciacidi (Crustacea, Palaemonidae): Evidence for a single species. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 154: 194-204. found, by analysing the variation in mtDNA, that there is no reason to recognize Palaemon garciacidi (a species described by Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.) as a species distinct from P. longirostris. In addition, larvae of Ascidonia flavomaculata were captured in Portugal by Paula (1987)Paula J. 1987. Seasonal distribution of Crustacea Decapoda larvae in S. Torpes bay, South-western Portugal. Invest. Pesq. 51: 267-275.. Finally, Balssia noeli Bruce, 1998 has not been reported in Spanish waters, but its presence in Iberian Peninsula waters is quite probable since it was described by Bruce (1998)Bruce A.J. 1998. A second species of the genus Balssia Kemp, 1922 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae). Zoosystema 20: 603-611. from Banyuls-sur-Mer, in the NW Mediterranean.

The Pandalidae family is represented by 17 species (within six genera), five of which were not recorded in Iberian waters by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.. These are Dichelopandalus bonnieri captured off northern Spain (Fariña et al. 1997Fariña A.C., Freire J., González-Gurriarán E. 1997. Megabenthic decapod crustacean assemblages on the Galician continental shelf and upper slope (north-west Spain). Mar. Biol. 127: 419-434., Domenech et al. 1981Domenech J.L., Menéndez de la Hoz M., Ortea J.A. 1981. Crustáceos decápodos de la costa asturiana. I. Macruros. Bol. Cien. Nat. 27: 117-157.); Heterocarpus grimaldii off southern Portugal (Crosnier and Forest 1973Crosnier A., Forest J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de 1’Atlantique Oriental tropical. Fauna Tropicale XIX. O.R.S.T.O.M. 1-409. and García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.); Plesionika ensis in the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cádiz (García Raso 1981García Raso J.E. 1981. Crustáceos Decápodos del litoral de Málaga (región sur-mediterránea española). Fam. Pandalidae Haworth, 1825. Trab. Monogr. Dep. Zool. Univ. Granada, Nueva Serie 4: 83-92., 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), Plesionika geniculatus off Portugal (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.) and Plesionika williamsi off southern Portugal (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.). Neves (1985)Neves A.M. 1985. On the occurrence of Chlorotocus crassicornis on the portuguese coast crustacea decapoda pandalidae. Arq. Mus. Bocage, ser. B(Notas) II: 123-128. reported the occurrence of Chlorotocus crassicornis on the Portuguese coast, Fariña et al. (1997)Fariña A.C., Freire J., González-Gurriarán E. 1997. Megabenthic decapod crustacean assemblages on the Galician continental shelf and upper slope (north-west Spain). Mar. Biol. 127: 419-434. in Galicia and Landeira et al. (2015)Landeira J.M., Jiang G., Chan T., et al. 2015. Redescription of the early larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae). Zootaxa 4013: 100-110. in the Gulf of Cádiz, while describing several larval stages. A rare pandalid whose presence is probable (although not verified) is Plesionika alexandri (A. Milne-Edward,s 1883). It was captured off northern Morocco during the Balgim Expedition (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752. as Plesionika sp.) and in the Azores (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Fransen and Biscoito 2006Fransen C.H.J.M., Biscoito M.J. 2006. On two rare species of caridean shrimp from the hydrothermal fields Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Zool. Med. Leiden 80: 45-53.).

The Physetocarididae family is not mentioned in Iberian waters, but the species Physetocaris microphthalma Chace, 1940 has been reported between the Azores and Portugal (Burukovsky 1996Burukovsky R.N. 1996. Shrimp fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the North Atlantic subtropical convergence. Arquipel. Life Mar. Sci. 14A: 7-15.), without indicating a specific locality. It is a similar case to that of Meningodora miccyla.

The Pasiphaeidae family is represented by eight species within four genera, but only four species were mentioned in Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.. New records are Eupasiphae gilesii, quoted in the Gulf of Biscay (North) and Galicia (Abbes and Casanova 1973Abbes R., Casanova J.-P. 1973. Crustacés Décapodes Pélagiques Penaeidea et Caridea récoltés par la “Thalassa” dans I’Atlantique eurafricain. Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches marit. 37: 257-290.) and between the Azores and Portugal (Burukovsky 1996Burukovsky R.N. 1996. Shrimp fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the North Atlantic subtropical convergence. Arquipel. Life Mar. Sci. 14A: 7-15., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.); Pasiphaea ecarina, recently captured by Cartes et al. (2014)Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178. on the Galicia Bank; P. hoplocerca, found along the Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic coasts (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., Dos Santos and Moreira 2003Dos Santos A., Moreira A. 2003. On the occurrence of Sergia grandis (Sund, 1920) and Pasiphaea hoplocerca Chace 1940 (Decapoda) off he southern coast of Portugal. Crustaceana 75: 1061-1065.) and also in the Gulf of Cádiz by the INDEMARES-Chica expedition (García Raso unpublished data); P. tarda, recently reported in Cantabria and Galicia by Cartes et al. (2007Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816. and 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178. respectively); and Psathyrocaris fragilis (previously reported by Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. as Psathyrocaris fragilis var. atlantica Caullery, 1896), found in Cantabria by Cartes et al. (2007)Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816.. Other species whose presence is possible are Psathyrocaris infirma, reported in the Gulf of Biscay, French waters (Lagardère 1970Lagardère J.-P. 1970. Les crevettes du Golfe de Gascogne (Région Sud). Tethys 1: 1023-1048.) and in Moroccan Atlantic waters (d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.); Eupasiphae serrata (Rathbun, 1902), whose northernmost reference is from northern Morocco, at 35°09’N, far from the coast (Crosnier 1988Crosnier A. 1988. Les Eupasiphae (Crustacea Decapoda Pasiphaeidae) du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien. Description d’E. paucidentata sp. nov. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4A, 10: 785-797., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), which could be found in the southern waters of the Iberian Peninsula; and Parapasiphae compta Smith, 1884, mentioned between 48° and 44°N and 15° and 17°W (Crosnier 1988Crosnier A. 1988. Les Eupasiphae (Crustacea Decapoda Pasiphaeidae) du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien. Description d’E. paucidentata sp. nov. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4A, 10: 785-797., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.). Two other pelagic species of this group that may appear in peninsular Atlantic waters, but more rarely since their closest references are some distance offshore, are Parapasiphae cristata Smith, 1884 and Pasiphaea liocerca Chace, 1940 (Silvertsen and Holthuis 1956Sivertsen E., Holthuis L.B. 1956. Cruslacea Decapoda (The Penaeidea and Stenopodidea excepted). Rep. Sei. Res. Michael Sars N. Atlant. Deep-sea Exped. 5: 1-54.).

The Processidae family is represented in Iberian waters by 10 species, all of them belonging to the genus Processa. With the exception of P. macrodactyla, all other species were already reported by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., although the names of some species have been modified (see Table 1). P. macrodactyla is an African species first recorded in European waters in the Alboran Sea, in Málaga (García Raso and Salas 1985García Raso J.E., Salas C. 1985. New record of the species Processa macrodactyla Holthuis, 1952 (Decapoda, Caridea) from Spanish waters. Crustaceana 49: 88-91.); later it was found in the Bay of Cádiz (Ortega et al. 2005Ortega A., Queiroga H., González-Gordillo J.I. 2005. Planktonic stages of Processa macrodactyla (Decapoda: Caridea: Processidae) reared in the laboratory. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85: 1449-1460.) and in the Catalan Sea (Aguirre and Sánchez 2005Aguirre H., Sanchez P. 2005. Repartición del recurso trófico entre Mullus barbatus y M. surmuletus en el mar catalán. Cien. Mar. 31: 429-439.). Today there are references of this species even in Turkish waters (Ateş et al. 2004Ateş A.S., Katagan T., Kocatas A. 2004 New decapod species for the Turkish seas. Crustaceana 77: 507-512.). The occurrence of P. acutirostris from Guipuzcoa (Martínez et al. 2007Martínez J., Adarraga I., Ruíz J.M. 2007. Tipificación de poblaciones bentónicas de los fondos blandos de la plataforma continental de Guipúzcoa (sureste del golfo de Vizcaya). Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 23: 85-110. as P. cf. acutirostris) needs to be confirmed. We should also mention that the capture of P. intermedia during the CALMEN07 expedition (Junoy 2008Junoy J. 2008. Informe sobre los trabajos realizados en el Laboratorio de Bentos de la Universidad de Alcalá con las muestras recogidas durante la campaña CALMEN07 (conv. SGM-UAH), 1-140.) is the first reference on the Iberian Mediterranean coasts. Finally, Williamson and Rochanaburanon (1979)Williamson D.I., Rochanaburanon T. 1979. A new species of Processidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) and the larvae of the north european species. J. Nat. Hist. 13: 11-33. described two subspecies of P. modica (reported as P. parva by Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.): P. m. carolii and P. m. modica, the first reported from Cadaqués and southwestern Spain and the second in Atlantic waters, from the North Sea to NW France. The distribution of both subspecies in the Iberian Peninsula has not been studied.

Gurney (1942)Gurney R. 1942. Larvae of decapod Crustacea. Ray Society. London, 306 pp. considered Amphionides reynaudii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1833) (a species of the family Amphionididae Holthuis, 1955) to be in the Caridea, and although its taxonomic position is not yet fully elucidated, DNA analysis shows its close affinity with the Pandalidae (De Grave et al. 2015De Grave S., Chan T.-Y., Chu K.H., et al. 2015. Phylogenetics reveals the crustacean order Amphionidacea to be larval shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea). Sci. Rep. 5: 17464.). This pelagic species is widely distributed, since it is present in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, particularly in tropical and subtropical waters between 36°N and 36°S (De Grave et al. 2015De Grave S., Chan T.-Y., Chu K.H., et al. 2015. Phylogenetics reveals the crustacean order Amphionidacea to be larval shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea). Sci. Rep. 5: 17464., Fransen 2010Fransen C.H.J.M. 2010. Order Amphionidacea Williamson, 1973. In: Schram F.M.R., Vaupel Klein J.C.von (eds) Treatise on Zoology – Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology – The Crustacea, Decapoda, Vol. 9 Part A: Eucarida: Euphausiacea, Amphionidacea, and Decapoda (partim). Brill, Leiden, pp. 83-95.), including waters south of the Iberian Peninsula. Consequently, it has not been included in the checklist (Appendix 1), but its presence is likely offshore the southern part of the Peninsula, especially considering the current temperature increase of the oceans.

The old Thalassinidea infraorder is presently considered paraphyletic and was therefore divided into two new infraorders: Axiidea and Gebiidea (Bracken et al. 2009Bracken H.D., Toon A., Felder D.L., et al. 2009. The Decapod Tree of Life: Compiling the Data and Moving toward a Consensus of Decapod Evolution. Arthropod Syst. Phylogeny 61: 99-116., Dworschak et al. 2012Dworschak P.C., Felder D.L., Tudge C.C. 2012. Infraorders Axiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 and Gebiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 (formerly known collectively as Thalassinidea). In: Schram F.R., Vaupel Klein J.C. von, et al. (eds), Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Crustacea. Complementary to the volumes translated from the French of the Traité de Zoologie [founded by P.-P. Grassé], Volume 9 Part B. Eucarida: Decapoda: Astacidea P.P. (Enoplometopoidea, Nephropoidea), Glypheidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, and Anomura. Leiden: Brill, pp. 109-219.). A study of the European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea was carried out by Ngoc-Ho (2003)Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555..

The Axiidea infraorder is represented in Iberian waters by six families: Axiidae, Calocarididae, Callianassidae, Eucalliacidae, Bathycalliacidae and Gourretiidae (Dworschak et al. 2012Dworschak P.C., Felder D.L., Tudge C.C. 2012. Infraorders Axiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 and Gebiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 (formerly known collectively as Thalassinidea). In: Schram F.R., Vaupel Klein J.C. von, et al. (eds), Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Crustacea. Complementary to the volumes translated from the French of the Traité de Zoologie [founded by P.-P. Grassé], Volume 9 Part B. Eucarida: Decapoda: Astacidea P.P. (Enoplometopoidea, Nephropoidea), Glypheidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, and Anomura. Leiden: Brill, pp. 109-219.), containing 13 species within 12 genera, nine of them not mentioned by Zariquiey Alvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510..

In the Axiidae family the new reported species are Calocarides coronatus in Cantabria (Cartes et al. 2007Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816.), the Alboran Sea (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752., Abelló et al. 2002Abelló P., Carbonell A., Torres P. 2002. Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Sci. Mar. 66(S2): 183-198.) and Catalonia (Cartes et al. 1994Cartes J.E., Sorbe J.C., Sardà F. 1994. Spatial distribution of deep-sea decapods and euphausiids near the bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 179: 131-144.), and Levantocaris hornungae off the Catalan coast (pers. comm. by Saint Laurent in d’Udekem d’Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.<).

Concerning the Calocarididae family, Calastacus laevis was quoted in the Bay of Biscay (Saint Laurent 1972aSaint Laurent M. de. 1972a. Un Thalassinide nouveau du golfe de Gascogne, Calastacus laevis sp. nov. Remarques sur le genre Calastacus Faxon. (Crustacea Decapoda Axiidae). Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 3e série, Zoologie 29: 347-356.) and Calocaris cf. templemani on the Galicia Bank (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.) (as Calocariopsis in Sakai 2011Sakai K. 2011 Axioidea of the world and a reconsideration of the Callianassoidea Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Callianassida). Crustaceana Monographs 13: 1-616.). Additional data on the distribution of other species such as Calocaris macandreae, the most common axiid in Mediterranean waters, are provided by Diez et al. (1994)Diez L.F., García-Arberas L, Rayo A. 1994. Fauna béntica de la fosa de la Capbreton (Golfo de Vizcaya, Atlántico Oriental) Crustáceos Decápodos. Cuad. Invest. Biol. (Bilbao) 18: 45-54. and Rueda et al. (2012a)Rueda J.L., González-García E., Marina P., et al. 2012a. Heterogeneidad bentónica en volcanes de fango del margen español (Golfo de Cádiz). In: Borja Á. (ed.) XVII Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies (SIEBM), San Sebastián - Donostia (Spain). Rev. Inv. Mar. 19: 213-217..

The species of the Callianassidae family from the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea were studied by Saint Laurent and Bozic (1976)Saint Laurent M. de., Bozic B. 1976. Diagnoses et tableaux de determination des Callianasses de I’Atlantique nord oriental et de Mediterranee (Crustacea, Decapoda, Callianasidae). Proc First Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea. Thalassia Jugosl. 8: 15-40., but currently this family has been split into several families. In the Iberian Peninsula Zariquiey Alvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. reported four species in three genera, but since this work several more species have been reported: Necallianassa truncata (previously mentioned by Zariquiey in waters of Melilla as Callianassa truncata) in Guipuzcoa (Martínez et al. 2007Martínez J., Adarraga I., Ruíz J.M. 2007. Tipificación de poblaciones bentónicas de los fondos blandos de la plataforma continental de Guipúzcoa (sureste del golfo de Vizcaya). Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 23: 85-110.), Chingudi Bay, Hendaye (Lagardère 1966Lagardère J.-P. 1966. Recherches sur la biologie et l’écologie de la macrofaune des substrats meubles de la côte des Landes el de la côte basque. Bull. Cent. Étud. Rech. Sci. Biarritz 6: 143-209.), Cascais, western Portugal (Santhino 2009Santinho C.I. de A. 2009. Padrões de distribuição da abundância larvar de crustáceos decápodes na baía de Cascais. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Algarve. 88 pp.) and the Balearic Islands (Torres et al. 2014Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Balbín R., et al. 2014. Decapod crustacean larval communities in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean): Seasonal composition, horizontal and vertical distribution patterns. J. Mar. Syst. 138: 112-126.). In the last two areas the reports were based on the capture of larvae. Pestarella candida was reported in the Gulf of Cádiz (García Raso 1985bGarcía Raso J.E. 1985b. Presencia de una poblacion de Brachynotus atlanticus Forest, 1957 Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae en el sur de la peninsula ibérica. Actas do Congresso Iberico de Entomologia, Bolm. Soc. port. Ent. 1(sup. 1): 19-26., as Callianassa pestae), Algeciras, the Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran (García Raso 1983García Raso J.E 1983. Aportaciones al conocimiento de los Thalassinidea Latreille 1833 (Crustacea, Decapoda) del Sur de España. Invest. Pesq. 47: 317-324. as Callianassa pontica) and Cadaqués, NE Spain (Ngoc-Ho 2003Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.). In Sakai (2011)Sakai K. 2011 Axioidea of the world and a reconsideration of the Callianassoidea Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Callianassida). Crustaceana Monographs 13: 1-616. the last two species are reported as Trypaea truncata and Gilvossius candidus (Pestarella tyrrhena is also cited as Gilvossius tyrrhenus), but these changes have not been acceped in the WoRMS.

Two additional species of Axiidea have recently been captured associated with mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz: Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi (Dworschak and Cunha 2007Dworschak P.C., Cunha M.R. 2007. A new subfamily, Vulcanocalliacinae n. subfam., for Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi n. gen., n. sp. from a mud volcano in the Gulf of Cádiz (Crustacea, Decapoda, Callianassidae). Zootaxa 1460: 35-46.), belonging to the Bathycalliacidae family, and Calliax lobate, captured during the INDEMARES-Chica expeditions (Rueda et al. 2012bRueda J.L., González-García E., Marina P., et al. 2012b. Biodiversity and geodiversity in the mud volcano field of the Spanish margin (Gulf of Cádiz). 7º Simpósio sobre a Margem Ibérica Atlântica - MIA12, 6 pp., García Raso et al. 2018García Raso J.E., García Muñoz J.E., Mateo Ramírez A., et al. 2018. Decapod crustaceans Eucalliacidae in chemoautotrophic bathyal bottoms of the Gulf of Cadiz (Atlantic Ocean), environmental characteristic and associated communities. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 1-8.) and belonging to the Eucalliacidae family. The eucallicid Calliaxina punica (Saint Laurent and Manning, 1982) could also be found in Spanish Mediterranean waters, since it is a typical Mediterranean species whose presence is known in the South of France (Ngoc-Ho 2003Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.), but it has not yet been recorded.

The Gourretiidae family is represented in the Iberian Peninsula by a single species, Gourretia denticulata, recorded only in the Gulf of Cádiz (López de la Rosa et al. 1998López De La Rosa I., García Raso J.E., Rodríguez A. 1998. First record of Gourretia denticulata (Lutze, 1937) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea) from the Atlantic coast of Spain. Sci. Mar. 62: 393-395.).

The infraorder Gebiidea is composed of four families, two of them present in Iberian waters.

The Upogebiidae family contains at present four Iberian species. Only one species has been added since Zariquiey’s work: Upogebia mediterranea, from the Balearic Islands (Ngoc-Ho 2003)Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.. However, three additional species could be found: Gebiacantha talismani (Bouvier, 1915), whose presence is known in Morocco (Saint Laurent and Loeuff 1979Saint Laurent M. de., Le Loeuff P. 1979. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des côtes atlantiques africaines (1956 et 1959) 22. Crustacés Décapodes Thalassinidea. I. Upogebiidae et Callianassidae. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. 55(Suppl.): 29-101., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.), and whose distribution includes the Mediterranean and East Africa (Ngoc-Ho 2003Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.); Upogebia nitida (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), captured in Toulon and Banyuls (S France), Italy, Algeria, and from Mauritania to the Gulf of Guinea (Ngoc-Ho 2003Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.); and Upogebia stellata (Montagu, 1808), known from the North Atlantic to France and also with a single occurrence, in Greece (Thessalou-Legaki 1986Thessalou-Legaki M. 1986. Preliminary data on the occurence of Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the Greek seas. Biol. Gallo-Hellenica 12: 181-187., Ngoc-Ho 2003Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25: 439-555.).

The Laomediidae family is represented by a single species, Jaxea nocturna, found along the whole Iberian coast.

The Anomura infraorder is represented by 85 species belonging to 26 genera and 10 families.

Five species of the Chirostylidae family have been recorded in Iberian waters, two of which have been cited since 1968. These new occurrences are Uroptychus bouvieri, mentioned only in the NW sector of Spain (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.), although it probably occurs along the entire Atlantic coast since it has also been captured in northern Morocco (García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.); and Uroptychus cartesi, a new species described from the Galicia Bank (Baba and Macpherson 2012Baba K., Macpherson E. 2012 A new squat lobster (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from off NW Spain. Zootaxa 3224: 49-56.). In addition, Uroptychus maroccanus Türkay, 1976 is a well-known deep-sea species found in northern Morocco (Türkay 1976Türkay M. 1976. Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Küste. Auswertung der Fahrten 8, 9c (1967), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F.S. “Meteor”. -- “Meteor” Forschungserg, (D) 23: 23-44, Abb.1-35; Berlin and Stuttgart., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.) and could probably be found in the Iberian sector of the Gulf of Cádiz.

The Galatheidae family is represented in the Iberian waters by 10 species, all of them belonging to the genus Galathea. The geographical distribution of the species given by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510. has been expanded (see Türkay 1976Türkay M. 1976. Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Küste. Auswertung der Fahrten 8, 9c (1967), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F.S. “Meteor”. -- “Meteor” Forschungserg, (D) 23: 23-44, Abb.1-35; Berlin and Stuttgart., Neves 1977Neves A.M. 1977. Crustaceos decâpodes Marinhos de Portugal continental existentes no Museu Bocage. III. Anomura. Arq. Mus. Bocage, sér. 2, 6: 153-215., García Raso 1987bGarcía Raso J.E. 1987b Consideraciones taxonómicas sobre algunas especies de fondos de concrecionamientos calcáreos y Posidonia oceanica: Pisidia longicornis - Pisidia longimana y Galathea bolivari - Galathea cenarroi. Inv. Pesq. 51: 277-292., 1989García Raso J.E. 1989. Resultados de la segunda campaña del IEO para la exploración de los fondos de coral rojo en el mar de Alborán. Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 5: 27-36.), and the list has increased by two additional species: Galathea capillata, captured in the Gulf of Cádiz near the Strait of Gibraltar (García Raso and Manjón-Cabeza 2002García Raso J.E., Manjón-Cabeza M.E. 2002. A new record of Galathea capillata for Europe and Spain. and notes on Philocheras bispinosus (Decapoca). Crustaceana 75: 383-393.); and G. machadoi recently captured on the Bank of Galicia (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.) and the Gulf of Cádiz (García Raso unpublished data, INDEMARES-Chica). Galathea intermedia could contain a complex of species. For instance, d’Udekem d’Acoz (1996)D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1996. Contribution à la connaissance des crustacés décapodes helléniques II: Penaeidea, Stenopodidea, Palinuridea, Homaridea, Thalassinidea, Anomura, et note sur les stomatopodes. Bios (Macedonia, Greece) 3: 51-77. mentioned two subspecies (G. intermedia intermedia Lilljeborg, 1851 and G. i. parroceli Gourret, 1887), but these subspecies should not be included until their taxonomic position is clarified. The presence of Galathea rufipes A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1894 in the Gulf of Biscay also needs to be confirmed (see comments in d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384.).

The Munididae family is represented by eight species, all of them belonging to the genus Munida. The nomenclature and diagnosis of the species of the genus Munida from the northeastern Atlantic was revised by Rice and Saint Laurent (1986)Rice A.L., Saint Laurent M. De. 1986. The nomenclature and diagnostic characters of four north·eastern Atlantic species of the genus Munida Leach: M. rugosa (Fabricius), M. tenuimana G.0. Sars, M. intermedia A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier and M. sarsi Huus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae). J. Nat. Hist. 20: 143-163., who considered Munida perarmata a synonym of Munida tenuimana. However, Rodríguez Flores et al. (2016)Rodríguez Flores P.C., Machordom A., Abelló P., et al. 2016. A revision of the species of the genus Munida (Crustacea, Anomura, Munididae) from Mediterranean and north-eastern Atlantic waters using morphological and molecular characters. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies., using both morphological and molecular data, showed that M. tenuimana is a species restricted to NE Atlantic waters, whereas the Mediterranean specimens belong to a different species: they recommended that the name Munida perarmata should be resurrected. Furthermore, two additional species have been recorded in the area: Munida microphthalma, on the Galicia Bank (Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.), and Munida sanctipauli, captured in the Gulf of Cádiz (García Raso unpublished data, INDEMARES-Chica 0211). New references of some species for different sectors are given (e.g. García Socias and Gracia 1988García Socias L., Gracia F. 1988. Nuevas aportaciones a la fauna de Crustacea Decapoda de las Islas Baleares. Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 32: 47-56.) in Appendix 1. Finally, Munida rutllanti has been shown to be a junior synonym of M. speciosa von Martens (Rodríguez Flores et al. 2016Rodríguez Flores P.C., Machordom A., Abelló P., et al. 2016. A revision of the species of the genus Munida (Crustacea, Anomura, Munididae) from Mediterranean and north-eastern Atlantic waters using morphological and molecular characters. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies.).

The Munidopsidae family is represented in Iberian waters by 13 species. All of them except Galacantha rostrata are included within the genus Munidopsis. Ten of these species were reported later than 1968 (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.): M. abyssicola, M. acutispina, M. allae, M. antonii, M. aries (=Munidopsis sundi Sivertsen and Holthuis, 1956), M. curvirostra, M. marionis, M. parfaiti, M. thieli and M vaillantii. All of them were reported from Atlantic waters of northern Spain, and/or in western and/or southern Portugal (see Appendix 1) (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478., Macpherson and Segonzac 2005Macpherson E., Segonzac M. 2005. Species of the genus Munidopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the deep Atlantic Ocean, including cold-seep and hydrothermal vent areas. Zootaxa 1095: 1-60., Cartes et al. 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178., Türkay 1975Türkay M. 1975. Decapoda Reptantia aus dem Iberischen Tiefseebecken. - Auwertung der Fahrten 3(1966) und 15(1972) von F.S.”Meteor”. -- “Meteor”-For­schungserg. (D) 20: 66-70, Abb. 1-6; Berlin and Stuttgart. and 1976Türkay M. 1976. Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Küste. Auswertung der Fahrten 8, 9c (1967), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F.S. “Meteor”. -- “Meteor” Forschungserg, (D) 23: 23-44, Abb.1-35; Berlin and Stuttgart., d’Udekem d‘Acoz 1999aD’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999a. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25°N. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Col. Patrim. Nat.: 40). Serv. Patrimoine Nat., Inst. d’Écol. Gest. Biodiv. (ed.), Paris. 1-384., and data from ORBIS). In addition, Abelló and Valladares (1988)Abelló P., Valladares F.J. 1988. Bathyal decapod crustaceans of the Catalan sea (northwestern Mediterranean). Mésogée 48: 97-102. recorded Munidopsis serricornis in the Catalan Sea.

The Porcellanidae family includes four species, all mentioned in Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.. Pisidia longimama was cited in Portugal by Neves (1977)Neves A.M. 1977. Crustaceos decâpodes Marinhos de Portugal continental existentes no Museu Bocage. III. Anomura. Arq. Mus. Bocage, sér. 2, 6: 153-215. and Nunes-Ruivo (1961)Nunes-Ruivo L. 1961. Crustacea Decapoda (1 - Galatheidea et Brachyura). Résultats scientifiques de la campagne du N.R.P. «Faial» dans les eaux côtières du Portugal (1957) 4: 1-36., and in Galicia by Anodon (1975)Anadón R. 1975. Aportaciones al conocimiento de la fauna bentónica de la Ría de Vigo (NW de España). I. Pycnogónidos y crustáceos de Panjón. Invest. Pesq. 39: 199-218.. The taxonomy of the genus Pisidia is currently under review and, based on morphological and molecular studies, the three known species will be validated and a fourth new species will be described (Cuesta et al. unpublished information).

The Albuneidae family is represented in Iberian waters by just one species already mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., Albunea carabus, which shows a Mediterranean distribution, although it has recently been found in southern Portugal (Pereira et al. 2008Pereira A.M., Rufino M.M., Gaspar M.B. 2008. First record of Albunea carabus (Decapoda, Anomura, Hippidea) from the Algarve coast, South Portugal. Mar. Biol. Res. 4: 236-238.).

No species of the Lithodidae family were mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., but three species have been captured in northern Spain, all of them on deep-sea bottoms (see Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478. and Macpherson 1988Macpherson E. 1988. Revision of the Family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) in the Atlantic Ocean. Monogr. Zool. Mar. 2: 9-153.): Neolithodes grimaldii, Paralomis microps and Paralomis bouvieri Hansen, 1908. The last species was located in the Cantabrian Sea according to Figure 33 in Macpherson (1988)Macpherson E. 1988. Revision of the Family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) in the Atlantic Ocean. Monogr. Zool. Mar. 2: 9-153..

The six species of the Diogenidae family known in Iberian Peninsula waters were all mentioned by Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510..

Six species of the Parapaguridae family are now known in Iberian waters, three of them since 1968. Parapagurus nudus and P. abyssorum in the Gulf of Biscay (Saint Laurent 1985Saint Laurent, M. de. 1985. Remarques sur la distribution des Crustacés Décapodes. In: Laubier L., Monniot C. (eds). Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagnes BIOGAS. IFREMER. Brest, France, pp. 469-478.), and Paragiopagurus ruticheles in southern Portugal (Lemaitre 1990Lemaitre R. 1990. A review of eastern Atlantic species of the family Parapaguridae (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea). J. Nat. Hist. 24: 219-240. as Sympagurus ruticheles). Lemaitre (1989)Lemaitre R. 1989. Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescription of the Western Atlantic species. Zool. Verh. 253: 1-106. did a review of the genus Parapagurus in the eastern Atlantic, completing the previous study by Saint Laurent (1972b)Saint Laurent M. de. 1972b. Sur la famille des Parapaguridae Smith, 1882. Description de Typhlopagurus foresti gen. nov., sp. nov., et de quinze especes ou sous-especes nouvelles de Parapagurus Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 42: 97-123..

The Paguridae family is the most diverse, with 28 species within six genera. New references for different geographic sectors have been given by Ingle (1993)Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp., García Raso (1982aGarcía Raso J.E. 1982a. Contribución al estudio de los Pagúridos (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) en el litoral sudmediterráneo español. Inv. Pesq. 46: 493-508., 1984bGarcía Raso J.E. 1984b. Primeras aportaciones al conocimiento de la fauna de Crustáceos Decápodos litorales de la Isla de Alborán (España). Bol. Assoc. Esp. Entolomol. 8: 253-263., 1985c)García Raso J.E. 1985c. Nuevas aportaciones a la fauna de crustáceos decápodos de la Isla de Alborán. Bolm. Soc. port. Ent. 1(supl. 1): 11-18., and the ECOMARG (IEO) 2005 and 2006 Expeditions, among others (see Appendix 1). Seven species of pagurids have been added since Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.: Anapagurus alboranensis, described from the Alboran Sea by García-Gómez (1994)García-Gómez J. 1994. The systematics of the genus Anapagurus Henderson, 1886, and a new genus for Anapagurus drachi Forest, 1966 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguroidea). Zool Verh. 295: 1-131. and later recorded in the Gulf of Cádiz (Manjón-Cabeza and García Raso 1998Manjón-Cabeza M.E., García Raso J.E. 1998. Structure and evolution of a decapod crustacean community from the coastal detritic bottoms of Barbate (Cádiz, Southern Spain). J. Nat. Hist. 32: 10-11.) and along the Spanish Mediterranean coasts (Macpherson and Raventos 2004Macpherson E., Raventos N. 2004. Population structure and reproduction of three sympatric species of hermit crabs in the north-western Mediterranean. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84: 371-376.); Anapagurus pusillus, captured in Atlantic waters in southern and western Portugal (García-Gómez 1994García-Gómez J. 1994. The systematics of the genus Anapagurus Henderson, 1886, and a new genus for Anapagurus drachi Forest, 1966 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguroidea). Zool Verh. 295: 1-131., Sampaio et al. 2016Sampaio L., Mamede R., Ricardo F., et al. 2016. Soft sediment crustacean diversity and distribution along the Portuguese continental shelf. J. Mar. Sys. 163: 43-60.) and in northern Spain (Cantabria, ECOMARG IEO, Serrano et al. 2006Serrano A, Sánchez F, García-Castillo G. 2006. Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Sci. Mar. 70S1: 149-159.); Catapaguroides iris, captured in the Gulf of Cádiz (one specimen from INDEMARES-Chica 0211, García Raso unpublished data), previously known in Azores and the north of Morocco (Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp., García Raso 1996García Raso J.E. 1996. Crustacea Decapoda (Excl, Sergestidae) from Ibero-moroccan waters. Results of BALGIM-84 Expedition. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58: 730-752.); Pagurus pseudosculptimanus, described by García Muñoz et al. (2014)García Muñoz J.E., Cuesta J.A., García Raso J.E. 2014 Taxonomic study of the Pagurus forbesii “complex” (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae). Description of Pagurus pseudosculptimanus sp. nov. from Alborán Sea (Southern Spain, Western Mediterranean Sea). Zootaxa 3753: 25-46. and recorded in the Alboran Sea; the African Pagurus mbizi, which is penetrating into the Mediterranean through the Alboran Sea (García Raso et al. 2014bGarcía Raso J.E., Salmerón F., Baro J., et al. 2014b. The tropical African hermit crab Pagurus mbizi (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea: a new alien species or filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution? Medit. Mar. Sci. 15: 172-178.); Pagurus pubescentulus, recorded in Cantabria (IEO ECOMARG, Serrano et al 2006Serrano A, Sánchez F, García-Castillo G. 2006. Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Sci. Mar. 70S1: 149-159.); and Michelopagurus atlanticus, a deep-sea (790-1575 m according to Lemaitre and Tavares 2015Lemaitre R., Tavares M. 2015. New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America. Zootaxa 3994: 451-506.) amphi-Atlantic species recently found off Aveiro, Costa de Prata (western Portugal) at a much shallower depth (41 m) by Sampaio et al. (2016)Sampaio L., Mamede R., Ricardo F., et al. 2016. Soft sediment crustacean diversity and distribution along the Portuguese continental shelf. J. Mar. Sys. 163: 43-60., which is noteworthy. Also, the occurrence of Anapagurus smythi Ingle, 1993 in the Cantabrian Sea (IEO ECOMARG http://www.ecomarg.com/biodiversidad.html) should be reviewed (so it is not included in Appendix 1). The specimen of Catapaguroides iris from INDEMARES-Chica 0211 shows a mixture of morphological characteristics of the two species cited in the area. The cephalothoracic shield has the same length and width (L/W=0.93, as shown in Figure 81a, p. 367 in Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp., for the holotype of C. iris), no longer than wide (as in Figure 85a, p. 345 in Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp., for a paratype of C. megalops), but the carpus of the large cheliped has an incomplete row of five spines (not a simple row of setosed tubercles as shown in Figure 81f in Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp. for C. iris, nor a complete and well-developed row of small sub-acute setose tubercles as shown in Figure 85g in Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp., for C. megalops). To complicate matters further, Saint Laurent (1968)Saint Laurent M. de. 1968. Révision des genres Catapaguroides et Cestopagurus et description de quatre genres nouveaux. I. Catapaguroides A, Milne Edwards et Bouvier et Decaphyllus nov. gen. (Crustacés Décapodes Paguridae). Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 2e sér. Tome 39 [“1967”]: 923-954. drew a specimen (L/W=0.98) designated ?C. megalops, with a shield similar to that drawn by Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp. for C. iris, but with a strong row (even double row) of acute tubercles-spines. However, the deep-sea species C. megalops A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1892 could also be found, since it is known in nearby areas of the Atlantic (Morocco and Azores, Ingle 1993Ingle R. 1993. Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 495 pp.).

Other studies have increased the distribution area of some marine species in Spanish (García Muñoz et al. 2008García Muñoz J.E., Manjón-Cabeza M.E., García Raso J.E. 2008. Decapod crustacean assemblages from littoral bottoms of the Alborán Sea (Spain, west Mediterranean Sea): spatial and temporal variability. Sci. Mar. 72: 437-449., García Raso 1985cGarcía Raso J.E. 1985c. Nuevas aportaciones a la fauna de crustáceos decápodos de la Isla de Alborán. Bolm. Soc. port. Ent. 1(supl. 1): 11-18., García Raso et al. 2014aGarcía Raso J.E., Orellana M., Ruiz M.J., et al. 2014a. Crustáceos decápodos de fondos de maërl y cascajo de la Isla de Alborán (Mediterráneo Occidental). In: Ríos P.; Suárez L.A., Cristobo J. (eds), XVIII Simposio Ibérico de Estudios de Biología Marina. Libro de resúmenes. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. 252 pp. , Serrano et al 2006Serrano A, Sánchez F, García-Castillo G. 2006. Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Sci. Mar. 70S1: 149-159.) and Portuguese waters (e.g. Pagurus chevreuxi by Almeida 2008Almeida C. 2008. Distribuição e padrões de utilização das conchas de caranguejos eremitas (Anomura) da costa do Algarve. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Algarve, 75 pp.). Furthermore, larvae of Cestopagurus timidus have been captured in southwestern Portugal (Paula 1987Paula J. 1987. Seasonal distribution of Crustacea Decapoda larvae in S. Torpes bay, South-western Portugal. Invest. Pesq. 51: 267-275.).

To complete the information regarding the Iberian Peninsula decapod crustacean fauna, it is worth mentioning that up to nine strictly freshwater species have been reported in the Iberian Peninsula, including the Balearic Islands (excluding brachyuran crabs). These are four crayfishes (Vedia and Miranda 2013Vedia I., Miranda R. 2013. Review of the state of knowledge of crayfish species in the Iberian Peninsula. Limnetica 32: 269-286.): Austropotamobius italicus italicus (Faxon, 1914) (recorded as A. pallipes lusitanicus in Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.) and Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) (both within the family Astacidae Latreille, 1802); Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942); and Cherax destructor Clark, 1936 (family Parastacidae Huxley, 1879). The last three species have been intentional human-mediated introductions for aquaculture. One yet undescribed alpheid shrimp of the genus Bermudacaris was discovered in an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (Gràcia et al. 2003Gràcia F., Jaume D., Ramis D., et al. 2003. Les coves de Cala Anguila (Manacor, Mallorca). II. La Cova Genovesa o Cova d’en Bessó. Espeleogènesi, geomorfologia, hidrologia, sedimentologia, fauna, paleontologia, arqueologia i conservació. Endins 25: 43-86., Gràcia and Jaume 2011Gràcia F., Jaume D. 2011. La fauna aquàtica dels hàbitats anquihalins i dolçaquícoles de les cavitats balears. Endins, 35 / Mon. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 17: 257-268.). The freshwater list also includes three atyids, Atyaephyra desmarestii (Millet, 18319), present in all Iberian freshwaters, Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), present in the Gulf of Valencia (Sanz and Gómez 1984Sanz A., Gómez P. 1984. Distribucion geografica de Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924) (Crustacea: Atyidae). Limnetica 1: 336-339.), and Typhlatya miravetensis Sanz and Platvoet, 1995, described from a cave in Ullal de la Rambla de Miravet in Cabanes, Castellón by Sanz and Platvoet (1995)Sanz S., Platvoet D. 1995. New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp. Contrib. Zool. 65: 77-99., and also one palaemonid, Palaemon zariquieyi Sollaud, 1938 (Sanz Brau 1986Sanz Brau A. 1986. Biología del camarón de agua dulce Palemonetes zariquieyi Soullaud, 1939 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Limnetica 2: 293-304.) (as Palaemonetes in Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510.). The latter three species are endemic to the eastern sector.

DISCUSSIONTop

Species richness and distribution by geographic sectors

The number of marine decapod crustacean species (excluding Brachyura) reported by geographic sectors (Table 2) shows that the greatest specific richness is found in Atlantic waters, with 264 species, while a total of 178 species have been found in Mediterranean waters. These differences are the consequence of the relative extension of the areas, the depth ranges and the confluence of different water masses. The whole Atlantic sector has the greatest extension, the largest range of depths, and also the greatest diversity of water masses, with different characteristics and associated species. As an example, the various different water masses found in the Gulf of Biscay and Galicia are East North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Outflow Water, which forms in the Gulf of Cádiz and progresses northwards, and Labrador Sea Cold Water (Cartes et al. 2007Cartes J.E., Serrano A., Velasco F., et al. 2007. Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from the Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): influence of the environmental variables and food availability. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 797-816., 2014Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Frutos I., et al. 2014. Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) at depths between 700 and 1800 m, with connexions to regional water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Trop. Stud. Oceanogr. 106: 165-178.). In the Gulf of Cádiz there are clear influences of two marine ecoregions, the Lusitanian (with Atlantic and African sectors) and the Mediterranean (Spalding et al. 2007Spalding M.D., Fox H.E., Allen G.R., et al. 2007. Marine ecoregions of the world: A bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioSci. 57: 573-583.), or three provinces (Lusitanica, Mauritanica and the Mediterranean) (Bianchi et al. 2012Bianchi C.N., Morri C., Chiantore M., et al. 2012. Mediterranean Sea biodiversity between the legacy from the past and a future of change. In: Stambler N. (ed.), Life in the Mediterranean Sea: A Look at Habitat Changes. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 1-55.), with different associated species. It must also be borne in mind that the fauna present in the Mediterranean has an ancient Atlantic origin (originated after the Messinian salinity crisis in the late Miocene 5.6 mya, Bianchi et al. 2012Bianchi C.N., Morri C., Chiantore M., et al. 2012. Mediterranean Sea biodiversity between the legacy from the past and a future of change. In: Stambler N. (ed.), Life in the Mediterranean Sea: A Look at Habitat Changes. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 1-55.). Consequently, most Mediterranean species are also found in the Atlantic. The interaction of the water masses present and their dynamics, with the geological and environmental history, account for the present biogeographic structures. The greatest species richness is found in the Gulf of Cádiz and Gulf of Biscay - Galicia (GB-GA) sectors, with 194 and 176 species respectively. The Alboran Sea shows a lower species richness, probably because of its shorter coastal extension and lower range of depths, especially when compared with adjacent sectors.

Geographically, a total of 222 species have been identified in southern Iberian areas (GC + ALB), 176 species in northern areas (GB-GA), 160 species in eastern Spanish waters (SWM) and 155 species in western Portugal (WP).

The total number of marine decapod species known in and around Iberian waters, excluding Brachyura, is 293. However, this number increases to 305 when the nine freshwater species and several unpublished new records (see above) are also included.

Introduced marine decapod species

The number of introduced species (excluding brachyuran crabs) in the Iberian waters is relatively low (four, see Appendix 1 “Int”) and appears to be mainly related to human activities such as aquaculture (Zenetos et al. 2010Zenetos A., Gofas S., Verlaque M., et al. 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Medit. Mar. Sci. 11: 318-493., 2012Zenetos A., Gofas S., Morri C., et al. 2012. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Medit. Mar. Sci. 13: 328-352.). The four species are Penaeus pulchricaudatus (Penaeidae family), previously reported as Penaeus japonicus Spence Bate, 1888 (Rodríguez 1989Rodríguez A. 1989. Presencia de Penaeus japonicus Bate (Crustacea, Decapoda) en el Golfo de Cádiz (Océano Atlántico). In: Yufera M. (ed.) Acuicultura intermareal. Inst. Cien. Marinas de Andalucía, Cádiz, pp. 321-324., Guerra and Gaudêncio 2016Guerra M.T., Gaudéncio M.J. 2016. Identificação das espécies de cruatáceos não indígenas da costa potuguesa. EMEPC; IPMA, Projeto BioMar PT. Paço de Arcos, 120 pp., Tsoi et al. 2014Tsoi K.H., Ma K.Y., Wu T.H., et al. 2014. Verification of the cryptic species Penaeus pulchricaudatus in the commercially important kuruma shrimp P. japonicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) using molecular taxonomy. Invert. Syst. 28: 476-490.), Panulirus regius and Jasus lalandii (Palinuridae family) (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968. Crustáceos Decápodos ibéricos. Invest. Pesq. 32: 1-510., Guerra and Gaudêncio 1982Guerra M.T., Gaudéncio M.J. 1982. Première capture de la langouste du sud-ouest Africain, Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), sur la côte portugaise. Mems. Mus. Mar, ser Zool, Portugal, 2: 1-12., Holthuis 1991Holthuis L.B. 1991. FAO species catalogue. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125: 1-292.), and Palaemon macrodactylus (Palaemonidae family).

Tsoi et al. (2014)Tsoi K.H., Ma K.Y., Wu T.H., et al. 2014. Verification of the cryptic species Penaeus pulchricaudatus in the commercially important kuruma shrimp P. japonicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) using molecular taxonomy. Invert. Syst. 28: 476-490. showed that the references of P. japonicus in the Mediterranean corresponded to the cryptic species P. pulchricaudatus, but they only analysed specimens from its eastern basin. Therefore, we assume that the Iberian specimens also correspond to P. pulchricaudatus. This should, however, be checked since it is likely that these reports may be due to escapes from aquaculture facilities.

No additional occurrences of Panulirus regius and Jasus lalandii have been reported in Iberian waters, suggesting that their introduction around the Iberian Peninsula has not been successful. However, Froglia et al. (2012)Froglia C., Silvestri R., Serena F. 2012. First record of Panulirus regius (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in the Italian seas, with remarks on the earlier Mediterranean records. Mar. Biod. Rec. 5: e31. captured several specimens of P. regius in Italian waters in the Ligurian Sea and considered, taking into account the very long larval planktonic life of the species and the size of the specimens caught, that the occurrence of a successful population could be related to a population range expansion driven by global warming and Atlanto-Mediterranean currents rather than being a direct result of human introductions. In addition, Guerra and Gaudêncio (2016)Guerra M.T., Gaudéncio M.J. 2016. Identificação das espécies de cruatáceos não indígenas da costa potuguesa. EMEPC; IPMA, Projeto BioMar PT. Paço de Arcos, 120 pp. mentioned the occurrence of the western Atlantic lobster Panulirus guttatus (Latreille, 1804) on the Portuguese coast, but without specifying any reference and and introduction pathway (this species has not been considered in this paper).

The shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus has been introduced most probably through ballast water and presently shows well-established populations (Cuesta et al. 2004Cuesta J.A., González-Ortegón E., Drake P., et al. 2004. First record of Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from European waters. Crustaceana 77: 377-380., Torres et al. 2012Torres A.P., Dos Santos A., Cuesta J.A., et al. 2012 First record of Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in the western Mediterranean. Medit. Mar. Sci. 13: 278-282., Chícharo et al. 2009Chícharo M.A., Leitão T., Range P., et al. 2009. Alien species in the Guadiana Estuary (SE-Portugal/SW-Spain): Blackfordia virginica (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and Palaemon macrodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda): potential impacts and mitigation measures. Aquat. Invasions 4: 501-506., González-Ortegón et al. 2010González-Ortegón E., Cuesta J.A., Pascual E., et al. 2010 Assessment of the interaction between the white shrimp, Palaemon longirostris, and the exotic oriental shrimp, Palaemon macrodactylus, in a European estuary (SW Spain). Biol. Invasions 12: 1731-1745.).

Additionally, the cause of the presence of certain African species (whose previously known northern limits of distribution were far to the south of the Iberian Peninsula) is not clear. They could be human-mediated introductions, but the scarcity of studies along the NW African coasts may also explain the lack of knowledge concerning the precise distribution areas of the species. Range expansions may also be due to climate change effects because the warming of the waters favours the northern expansion of thermophilic Atlantic species along the Atlantic coasts, and their introduction and further expansion in the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Pagurus mbizi, García Raso et al. 2014bGarcía Raso J.E., Salmerón F., Baro J., et al. 2014b. The tropical African hermit crab Pagurus mbizi (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea: a new alien species or filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution? Medit. Mar. Sci. 15: 172-178.). Thus, the presence of these species today could be the result of natural expansions of their geographic distribution ranges rather than human-mediated introduction.

General reflections on the total specific richness in the Iberian Peninsula

The total number of decapod species in the Iberian Peninsula (marine and continental), including the 140 species of crabs reported by Marco-Herrero et al. (2015)Marco-Herrero E., Abelló P., Drake P., et al. 2015. Annotated checklist of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Sci. Mar. 79: 243-256. and other new species in process of description, comes to 449. Regarding the crabs mentioned by Marco-Herrero et al. (2015)Marco-Herrero E., Abelló P., Drake P., et al. 2015. Annotated checklist of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Sci. Mar. 79: 243-256., some references need clarification. In this regard, there are cases under study of synonyms within the Calappidae and Leucosiidae families [e.g. Calappa tuerkayana Pastore, 1995, a synonym of Calappa granulata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Holthuis 2001Holthuis L.B. 2001. Nomenclatural notes on Mediterranean species of Calappa Weber, 1795 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Zool. Verh. Leiden 334 (Suppl.): 99-102.); a similar case could be found within the genus Ebalia] that will decrease the number of species in it. However, other species have to be added, such as Inachus parvirostris (Risso, 1816), captured on the CALMEN07 expedition (Junoy 2008) in the vicinity of Alboran Island (García Raso, unpublished data, INDEMARES Alboran expedition) and Pinnotheres petunculi Hesse, 1872 (Pérez-Miguel et al. 2017Pérez-Miguel M., Drake P., García Raso J.E., et al. 2017. European Pinnotheridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura): species, distribution, host use and DNA barcodes. Mar. Biodiversity.). Within the Pinnotheridae family there are also new species of crabs in process of description.

Consequently, the total number of decapod crustacean species in Iberian waters could reach 448, much higher than the total reported in Italy, with 324 marine and freshwater species (Froglia 2010Froglia C. 2010. Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda. Biol. Mar. Mediter. 17 (suppl. 1): 519-534.); in Turkey, with 265 (Ateş et al. 2010Ateş A.S., Kokatas A., Katağan T., et al. 2010. An updated list of decapod crustaceans on the Turkish coast with a new record of the Mediterranean shrimp, Processa acutirostris Nouvel and Holthuis 1957 (Caridea, Processidae). North-Western J. Zool. 6: 209-217., Deval and Froglia 2016Deval M.C., Froglia C. 2016. Nerw record of deep-sea decapod crustaceans in Turkish Mediterranean Sea (North levant Sea). Zool. Middle East 62: 323-330.); and on the coasts of Algeria, with 253 (Grimes et al. 2016Grimes S., Bakalem A. Dauvin J.C. 2016. Annotated chechlist of marine Algerian Crustacean Decapod. Medit. Mar. Sci. 17: 384-395.). However, when only the species richness of the Iberian Mediterranean coasts (with less km of coastline) is compared with that of Italy, the number of species (about 296) is lower, although still higher than those reported for Algeria and Turkey. The position of the Iberian Peninsula in the western Mediterranean Sea, surrounded by both Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, is probably the main reason for this greater richness of species. The wide range of depths and long coastlines occurring in the area may be important additional reasons for the high species richness.

Finally, we must mention that molecular analysis studies are currently being carried out to verify the validity of some species. Moreover, the exploration of deep habitats and ecosystems under the European Framework Directive for the Marine Strategy will report additional new occurrences and species. Accurate faunistic analysis of fishery discards may also become an increasing source of biodiversity knowledge that may help to understand biogeographic patterns and dynamic changes in distribution, including early detection of allochtonous and invasive species (Gorelli et al. 2016Gorelli G., Blanco M., Sardá F., et al. 2016. Spatio-temporal variability of discards in the fishery of the deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: implications for management. Sci. Mar. 80: 79-88., Anjos et al. 2018Anjos M., Pereira F., Vasconcelos P., et al. 2018. Bycatch and discard survival rate in a small-scale bivalve dredge fishery along the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). Sci. Mar. 82S1: 75-90.). Another interesting and necessary activity, which is also carried out in some areas, is the study of meroplanktonic larvae in relation to hydrographic currents and climate change, because it improves knowledge of specific composition and biocenoses, and can explain the presence of new records and the increase of the biogeographical range of some species (Torres 2015Torres A.P. 2015. Decapod crustacean larvae inhabiting offshore Balearic sea waters (Western Mediterranean): taxonomy and ecology. Ph. D. thesis. Univ. Baleares. 198 pp., Landeira et al. 2017Landeira J.M., Brochier T., Mason E., et al. 2017. Transport pathways of decapod larvae under intense mesoscale activity in the Canary-African coastal transition zone: implications for population connectivity. Sci. Mar. 81: 299-315., Landeira and Lozano-Soldevilla 2018Landeira J.M., Lozano-Soldevilla F. 2018. Seasonality of planktonic crustacean decapod larvae in the subtropical waters of Gran Canaria Island, NE Atlantic. Sci. Mar. 82: 119-134.).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTop

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Isabel M. Muñoz for providing information on some species. We thank Royston F. Snart for the English revision of the manuscript. This work was partly supported by the INDEMARES/CHICA “Mud volcanoes from Gulf Cadiz” and INDEMARES/ALBORAN Projects, EC contract INDEMARES-LIFE+ (07/NAT/E/000732) and FEDER funding assigned to equipment of the R/V Cornide de Saavedra (FICTS-2010-01), CTM2017-88080 (AEI/FEDER, UE). Finally, thanks are due to Dr E. González-Ortegón and an unknown reviewer for fruitful comments and critical reading of the manuscript.

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